In summary, findings of this ARRY-142886 study provide new evidence that PKA pathway activation synergistically participates in the BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation, possibly by MKP-1-Erk-dependent mechanisms.
Acknowledgements
We thank Alexandre Tchouboukov and Yvonne Bloemhard for excellent technical assistance. This research work was partly supported by a grant from the AO Foundation (Davos, Switzerland) through the Biotechnology Advisory Board and by the Swiss National Science Foundation (310000-116240).
Keywords
Skin cancer; Lupeol; G2/M arrest; Apoptosis; Swiss albino mouse
Introduction
Materials and methods
Materials. Lupeol, DMBA, ribonuclease A, and propidium iodide (PI) were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, USA). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade purity and procured locally.
Five animals from each group were euthanized by cervical dislocation at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the first treatment, respectively. The skin from the painted area was excised, washed in chilled phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and the fat layer was removed using a sterilized scalpel blade. The skin tissues were stored at ?80 °C until used for further experimentation.
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Results show important individual variations both in terms
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