【Defense Against the Dark Arts】by Professor Sebastian Windsor
This class runs from 8:00am to 8:45am every Tuesday. The classroom was your standard classroom like all others in Hogwarts, except this classroom was wider and has its own vacant space at the back of the room enough for hands-on practices. On the shelves there were books filled with anything related to the Class, and of course a wide blackboard with some details of the lessons. The room was well lit with golden yellow hues from the lights and the curtains draping the windows were of maroon and viridian, but enough to bathe the flooring.
【 About the Professor 】
This fourth year and beyond, your new professor for this class is Professor Sebastian Windsor. A former Cursebreaking Professor for seven years, Sebastian, or much known as "Ian", was a former archaeologist and an artist at heart from House Ravenclaw. Also, he pretty much has a high level of tolerance when it comes to snarks and snide comments, but who knows? Nobody seemed to witness him being angry, anyway. In year 2032 he began a new class of Defense Against the Dark Arts for the upper classmen from Fourth Years to Seventh Years.
【 Rules and Regulations 】
1. You are expected to come to class on time, otherwise I will start the class without any delay and get docked points as well. (In the Roleplay, you must at least post in two lessons for this class, otherwise you'll get docked 10 points)
2. At least, do not be a jerk towards people, and no I don't care what you were arguing about. Take that scene somewhere in the right time unless you want a detention or docked points.
3. Cast a spell only if you're being told to, I do not want anyone to be ended up in the Hospital Wing.
4. Please participate in the class. Please, there is no time for unnecessary chatting while the class is on-going.
5. And of course, your wands and books should be present all the time in this class.
【 Things to be discussed 】
Fifth Years, this year we will discuss the following :
Hello, Jade Galaksylph here! This thread updates every Friday, which means that when you didn't post on or before Tuesday, you will be considered late. Also, I only dock points when you didn't post in two lessons. And yes, feel free to interact with the professor while the class was ongoing if it was something your character would do.
And of course, have a fun time and never be afraid. Just post and write that makes sense with your character and you're good to go! Thank you for reading and have a good time roleplaying!
◆♆◆[SebastianEridanos"ℑ𝔞𝔫"Windsor]◆♆◆ ◆Hogwart's Ravenclaw Alumni◆Defense Against the Dark Arts 4-7 Professor◆Pureblood◆Father◆
I do my best to find some kind of glow I'm giving it some heart and soul now From the darkest grays, the sun bursts, clouds break Yeah, we see that fire, from the streets of Babylon To the road that we've been on now The kaleidoscope claims another
It was a Tuesday morning when Sebastian was sorting his papers which were meant for the fifth years, a review test to sharpen their minds for their incoming OWLs. He was sitting on his front desk, waiting for the fifth years to enter and to take their seats. Approximately about one minute later, as the students finally got into their seat, Sebastian stood up, still holding a stack of papers, and spoke up. "Hello, class." He said, "To those who were unfamiliar, my name is Sebastian Windsor and I will be your new Defense Against the Dark Arts professor from this year beyond. And I'm pretty sure you know what was coming in your year, and I hope you already prepared yourselves for the OWLs. Why? The OWLS, even though it did have the word 'Ordinary' on it, it should not be taken lightly because it was not like the test you used to take for the past four years. Of course, as long as you worked hard for it, you'll be fine." Eventually he proceeded to pass the papers to the students and added, "As you could see, that is a five-item pre-test to make yourselves awake from the summer vacation unless you've spent some time studying, which is good. After you finished answering, please pass it to me. "
OPEN ME
Name : _______________ House : _________
1) Which one of these is NOT TRUE about the Fire Crabs? a. They have four legs b. They are native of the island of Fiji c. They have heavily jeweled shells, which were valued d. None of the above
2) Which of these is the correct incantation to counter Boggarts? a. Rictusempra b. Riddikulus c. Rickulus d. Reducto
3) Which one of these is true about Grindylows? a. They survive on fish, algae, and small sea creatures b. They are Dark creatures c. They were absolutely unable to harm humans d. All except C
4.) What is the difference between a werewolf and an actual wolf? __________________________________________________
5) In what condition will make a wizard/witch a ghost? __________________________________________________
The Blackboard also
Assignment for Next Meeting:
Study and Familiarize yourselves with the Protego Charm for the hands-on exercise
Oh, well this is life in color (color) Today feels like no other(other) And the darkest grays, the sun bursts, clouds break Oh, well this is life in motion (motion) And just when I couldn't run this race, no The sun bursts, clouds break, this is life in color
❖Out.Of.Classe :: Whoever gets the highest scores will get House Points
Posted: Wed Feb 24, 2016 2:43 pm
And you don't seem the lying kind A shame you seemed an honest man And all the fears you hold so dear
════════════════════════
Fifth Yᴇᴀʀ|ⅤRᴀᴠᴇɴᴄʟᴀᴡ Prefect|Ⅴ|Hᴀʟғ-Bʟᴏᴏᴅ
════════════════════════
"Hello, Professor Windsor," Selina said cheerfully when she arrived for her Defense Against the Dark Arts. She knew him, of course, as he'd been her Cursebreaking teacher for the last two terms, and so she knew what to expect in his class. "How was your summer?" she asked, as she chatted with him briefly before class started.
Once class started, Selina tucked into the test given to her, and provided the following answers:
Name : Selina Grey House : Ravenclaw
1) Which one of these is NOT TRUE about the Fire Crabs? a. They have four legs (they actually have six)
2) Which of these is the correct incantation to counter Boggarts?
b. Riddikulus
3) Which one of these is true about Grindylows?
d. All except C
4.) What is the difference between a werewolf and an actual wolf?
A wolf is a four-legged mammal of the order Canis Lupus, and a carnivorous pack hunter. A werewolf is a human being whom has been afflicted with the infection of lycanthropy, and unwillingly transforms into a wolf-like being during the three nights of the full moon. The afflicted person will revert to an animal-like mentality during this period, having no recollection of what took place, unless they have been administered the Wolfsbane Potion beforehand.
5) In what condition will make a wizard/witch a ghost?
A ghost is the imprint of the soul of a witch or wizard, whom was either too afraid to die, or felt so compelled to remain where they were as to be unable to pass beyond the Veil and thus remain trapped in the material world in a disembodied state.
After handing in her test, Selina made note of the assignment for the next class, though she'd already read the relevant material. Still, it never hurt to do a bit of review.
════════════════════════ OOC: Taken by Layton Bannister
Will turn to whisper in your ear and you know I don't mean to hurt you But you know that it means so much And you don't even feel a thing
Grace got into class just as it was about to start. Taking a seat she got ready for class. As their professor – which she knew used to teach cursebreaking – got talking on OWLs and pre-test stuff, the Ravenclaw got her quill out. She wasn’t great at this kind of stuff but she tried to be good in class. Her fear was completely failing the class. Of course, she knew with the work she put into class and with her sisters’ help she’d pass defense just fine. Getting the test she went to work on answering the questions. Easy enough she was good with theory. Once finished Grace handed it in and went back to her sit to look up the protego charm to prepare for next class.
Name : xxGrace Mitchellxx House : xxRavenclawxx
1) Which one of these is NOT TRUE about the Fire Crabs? a. They have four legs b. They are native of the island of Fiji c. They have heavily jeweled shells, which were valued d. None of the above
2) Which of these is the correct incantation to counter Boggarts? a. Rictusempra b. Riddikulus c. Rickulus d. Reducto
3) Which one of these is true about Grindylows? a. They survive on fish, algae, and small sea creatures b. They are Dark creatures c. They were absolutely unable to harm humans d. All except C
4.) What is the difference between a werewolf and an actual wolf? xxA werewolf is born human and then contracts Lycanthropy to become a wolf-like creature once a month during the night of the full moon. Unless on the wolfsbane potion the human welts transformed to their wolf like state with act much like that of a wolf, forgetting all about the events once reverting back. Despite that similarity without wolfsbane, werewolves have smaller snouts, tufted tails, and human like eyes.xx
5) In what condition will make a wizard/witch a ghost? xxA witch or wizard can become a ghost after death, either if afraid to die or if they have a strong connection to the location for which they haunt.xx
◆♆◆[SebastianEridanos"ℑ𝔞𝔫"Windsor]◆♆◆ ◆Hogwart's Ravenclaw Alumni◆Defense Against the Dark Arts 4-7 Professor◆Pureblood◆Father◆
I do my best to find some kind of glow I'm giving it some heart and soul now From the darkest grays, the sun bursts, clouds break Yeah, we see that fire, from the streets of Babylon To the road that we've been on now The kaleidoscope claims another
It was a Tuesday morning when Sebastian was sorting his papers which were meant for the fifth years, a review test to sharpen their minds for their incoming OWLs. He was sitting on his front desk, waiting for the fifth years to enter and to take their seats. Approximately about one minute later, as the students finally got into their seat, Sebastian stood up, still holding a stack of papers, and spoke up. "Hello, class." He said, "I'm pretty sure you know what was coming in your year, and I hope you already prepared yourselves for the OWLs. Why? The OWLS, also known as the Ordinary Wizarding Level Tests, even though it did have the word 'Ordinary' on it, it should not be taken lightly because it was not like the test you used to take for the past four years. Of course, as long as you worked hard for it, you'll be fine." Eventually he proceeded to pass the papers to the students and added, "As you could see, that is a five-item pre-test to make yourselves awake from the summer vacation unless you've spent some time studying, which is good. After you finished answering, please pass it to me. "
OPEN ME
Name : _______________ House : _________
1) Which one of these is NOT TRUE about the Fire Crabs? a. They have four legs b. They are native of the island of Fiji c. They have heavily jeweled shells, which were valued d. None of the above
2) Which of these is the correct incantation to counter Boggarts? a. Rictusempra b. Riddikulus c. Rickulus d. Reducto
3) Which one of these is true about Grindylows? a. They survive on fish, algae, and small sea creatures b. They are Dark creatures c. They were absolutely unable to harm humans d. All except C
4.) What is the difference between a werewolf and an actual wolf? __________________________________________________
5) In what condition will make a wizard/witch a ghost? __________________________________________________
Code here v
Name : _______________ House : _________
1) Which one of these is NOT TRUE about the Fire Crabs? a. They have four legs b. They are native of the island of Fiji c. They have heavily jeweled shells, which were valued d. None of the above
2) Which of these is the correct incantation to counter Boggarts? a. Rictusempra b. Riddikulus c. Rickulus d. Reducto
3) Which one of these is true about Grindylows? a. They survive on fish, algae, and small sea creatures b. They are Dark creatures c. They were absolutely unable to harm humans d. All except C
4.) What is the difference between a werewolf and an actual wolf? __________________________________________________
5) In what condition will make a wizard/witch a ghost? __________________________________________________
Now that they were finished taking the pre-test and were gather together on the professor's desk, he nodded and stood up to the front center of the room, "Now, moving on, we're going to learn a useful shield charm. Many of you would know that defense could be use offensively in a duel, though it should be noted that you also need to act fast and save yourself on time. The Shield Charm, as straight-forward as it could be, creates a magical barrier to deflect physical entities and minor to moderate curses and hexes if done correctly, though it is quite a moderately difficult spell. There are indeed cases in which conjurations may rebound directly off it back towards the caster, or they ricochet off in other directions, or they dissipate as soon as they hit the shield." Ian took a breath and continued, "There were also cases in which you could be knocked off-balance, depends on how powerful the shield is. There were also some varieties of the Shield Charm; such as Protego Duo, Protego Horribilis, Protego Maxima, and Protego Totalum. However, we'll need to learn the simplest, and the incantation of it is 'Protego'."
"Now, I'd like you to go pick a partner" Ian could hear some random students somewhere frowning and groaning, which made Ian gave them a look that says "Really?" because partnership in these activities was fun to do as far as he could recall. But then, he decided not to call them out about it as they should at least make an effort in picking a partner, "And I'd like you to make a duel using the given spells written above. You can also switch partners as well and no, this mock duel does not give you an opportunity to curse each other. Seriously, if I see you doing to the point to fighting each other or being brash, I'm docking points, and it might add up to detention as well."
Oh, well this is life in color (color) Today feels like no other(other) And the darkest grays, the sun bursts, clouds break Oh, well this is life in motion (motion) And just when I couldn't run this race, no The sun bursts, clouds break, this is life in color
❖With :: Fifth Years ❖Where :: Classroom (DADA 4-7) ❖Wearing :: Working Attire
❖Out.Of.Classe :: Each correct answer in the pre-test has 5 House Points
Posted: Sat May 14, 2016 4:39 pm
_______________________________________
Tristan's mood hadn't changed much from the day of the Sorting Feast to now. Usually, he would have gone on at least one midnight adventure around the castle, exploring any new area that Lorelei may have discovered in a book over the summer or heard about from her brother Leslie. But Tristan wasn't in the mood, not this year. Part of him wanted to blame that oaf of a Hufflepuff; it was his fault for being so stupid. Lorelei wouldn't have to tutor him if he wasn't. Then maybe Tristan wouldn't have to share. But that was just greedy, and petty, and he knew it.
On the other hand, maybe it was his fault. Maybe if he could just choose, but how? Lorelei and Sybil were his best friends. If he chooses one, he might lose the other. But if he doesn't, then he might lose both. But what if he were to choose, and then something awful happened? What if they end up hating each other? What if he bites one of them? Then what? Maybe... Maybe he just needed a distraction?
Tristan shook his head as he took his seat frowning immediately upon hearing the word, 'OWLS'. The young werewolf was not looking forward to taking his exams at the end of the year. Though he was confident he'd at least cruise by comfortably, if not pass with flying colors. When he received his quiz paper, he mentally groaned, but filled it out anyway, careful not to elaborate too well on the differences between werewolves and wolves. The fifth year turned in his paper along with the rest of his classmates, then copied his notes down in his book. Tristan was one of the students to groan (probably the loudest, too) at the mention of partnering up. He didn't want a partner. He didn't want to bloody choose! So he sat. Quite indignantly. Hoping that no one would choose to work with him. Somehow, though, his plans never work out the way he wants them too.
Pre-Test
Quote:
Name: Tristan Hastings House: Slytherin
1) Which one of these is NOT TRUE about the Fire Crabs? a. They have four legs b. They are native of the island of Fiji c. They have heavily jeweled shells, which were valued d. None of the above
2) Which of these is the correct incantation to counter Boggarts? a. Rictusempra b. Riddikulus c. Rickulus d. Reducto
3) Which one of these is true about Grindylows? a. They survive on fish, algae, and small sea creatures b. They are Dark creatures c. They were absolutely unable to harm humans d. All except C
4.) What is the difference between a werewolf and an actual wolf? A werewolf can only turn into a wolf on the night of the full moon; they are typically much larger than wolves with a shorter snout and tufted tail.
5) In what condition will make a wizard/witch a ghost? Only magical beings can turn into ghosts. Usually because they are afraid of death or have a strong connection to the location they're haunting.
◆♆◆[SebastianEridanos"ℑ𝔞𝔫"Windsor]◆♆◆ ◆Hogwart's Ravenclaw Alumni◆Defense Against the Dark Arts 4-7 Professor◆Pureblood◆Father◆
I do my best to find some kind of glow I'm giving it some heart and soul now From the darkest grays, the sun bursts, clouds break Yeah, we see that fire, from the streets of Babylon To the road that we've been on now The kaleidoscope claims another
The class was taken place in the Entrance Courtyard, but this time, there were shield charms surrounding the grounds because Sebastian was aware as of how dangerous the curse they're going to learn, also they have some target dummies, too. Why it was added in the syllabus was beyond him, but it made him question considering how moody teenagers usually get to be... Not that his son Jean tend to be angsty anyway unless the lad used to do weird stuff behind his father's back. Leading the students in the place, he spoke up enough for them to hear in a firm voice, "Morning class, some of you might be asking why we're here in the first place. I thought that the activities might be not enough for the space of the classroom, that's why were here. Back to the lesson, we are going to learn about the Reductor Curse. Yes, I can hear your 'ooh's and 'aah's, we're learning a curse and I'm aware of it. And be very careful, for this spell is a powerful one as it can blast objects into fine pieces, and this is why we're here. I dread a feeling that the spell might bring down the ceiling of my classroom and we do not want that to happen." To demonstrate, he pointed at one of the target dummies with his Alder wand and called out, "Reducto!" And bam, the target dummy burst into pieces, well not fine pieces because his wand was not fond of curse and all of that but it's enough for them to let them know. "Anyway, as for today's activity, now you see those dummies with boxes on top of them?" The target dummies indeed that three boxes on them-- Each on their hand and one on top of its head, the boxes has that bull's eye on it, too. "The goal in this activity is to get a clean shot on the boxes without destroying the dummy itself. If you happen to destroy a dummy, that's fine, I can provide another one if you come here and ask me. Now if you know what do to do, you can do it now. And no, do NOT aim it to your classmate or I'm sure that you'll get into big trouble" In fact, he had a load of target dummies inside his bag, which has the extendable charm for him to put anything inside it without any worries. Besides, he got these things from the Room of Requirement.
Oh, well this is life in color (color) Today feels like no other(other) And the darkest grays, the sun bursts, clouds break Oh, well this is life in motion (motion) And just when I couldn't run this race, no The sun bursts, clouds break, this is life in color
❖With :: Fifth Years ❖Where :: Entrance Courtyard ❖Wearing :: Working Attire
◆♆◆[SebastianEridanos"ℑ𝔞𝔫"Windsor]◆♆◆ ◆Hogwart's Ravenclaw Alumni◆Defense Against the Dark Arts 4-7 Professor◆Pureblood◆Father◆
I do my best to find some kind of glow I'm giving it some heart and soul now From the darkest grays, the sun bursts, clouds break Yeah, we see that fire, from the streets of Babylon To the road that we've been on now The kaleidoscope claims another
It was a Tuesday morning when Sebastian was sorting his papers which were meant for the fifth years, a review test to sharpen their minds for their incoming OWLs. He was sitting on his front desk, waiting for the fifth years to enter and to take their seats. Approximately about one minute later, as the students finally got into their seat, Sebastian stood up, still holding a stack of papers, and spoke up. "Hello, class." He said, "I'm pretty sure you know what was coming in your year, and I hope you already prepared yourselves for the OWLs. Why? The OWLS, also known as the Ordinary Wizarding Level Tests, even though it did have the word 'Ordinary' on it, it should not be taken lightly because it was not like the test you used to take for the past four years. Of course, as long as you worked hard for it, you'll be fine." Eventually he proceeded to pass the papers to the students and added, "As you could see, that is a five-item pre-test to make yourselves awake from the summer vacation unless you've spent some time studying, which is good. After you finished answering, please pass it to me. "
OPEN ME
Name : _______________ House : _________
1) Which one of these is NOT TRUE about the Fire Crabs? a. They have four legs b. They are native of the island of Fiji c. They have heavily jeweled shells, which were valued d. None of the above
2) Which of these is the correct incantation to counter Boggarts? a. Rictusempra b. Riddikulus c. Rickulus d. Reducto
3) Which one of these is true about Grindylows? a. They survive on fish, algae, and small sea creatures b. They are Dark creatures c. They were absolutely unable to harm humans d. All except C
4.) What is the difference between a werewolf and an actual wolf? __________________________________________________
5) In what condition will make a wizard/witch a ghost? __________________________________________________
Code here v
Name : _______________ House : _________
1) Which one of these is NOT TRUE about the Fire Crabs? a. They have four legs b. They are native of the island of Fiji c. They have heavily jeweled shells, which were valued d. None of the above
2) Which of these is the correct incantation to counter Boggarts? a. Rictusempra b. Riddikulus c. Rickulus d. Reducto
3) Which one of these is true about Grindylows? a. They survive on fish, algae, and small sea creatures b. They are Dark creatures c. They were absolutely unable to harm humans d. All except C
4.) What is the difference between a werewolf and an actual wolf? __________________________________________________
5) In what condition will make a wizard/witch a ghost? __________________________________________________
Now that they were finished taking the pre-test and were gather together on the professor's desk, he nodded and stood up to the front center of the room, "Now, moving on, we're going to learn a useful shield charm. Many of you would know that defense could be use offensively in a duel, though it should be noted that you also need to act fast and save yourself on time. The Shield Charm, as straight-forward as it could be, creates a magical barrier to deflect physical entities and minor to moderate curses and hexes if done correctly, though it is quite a moderately difficult spell. There are indeed cases in which conjurations may rebound directly off it back towards the caster, or they ricochet off in other directions, or they dissipate as soon as they hit the shield." Ian took a breath and continued, "There were also cases in which you could be knocked off-balance, depends on how powerful the shield is. There were also some varieties of the Shield Charm; such as Protego Duo, Protego Horribilis, Protego Maxima, and Protego Totalum. However, we'll need to learn the simplest, and the incantation of it is 'Protego'."
"Now, I'd like you to go pick a partner" Ian could hear some random students somewhere frowning and groaning, which made Ian gave them a look that says "Really?" because partnership in these activities was fun to do as far as he could recall. But then, he decided not to call them out about it as they should at least make an effort in picking a partner, "And I'd like you to make a duel using the given spells written above. You can also switch partners as well and no, this mock duel does not give you an opportunity to curse each other. Seriously, if I see you doing to the point to fighting each other or being brash, I'm docking points, it might add up to detention as well and I'm certain that no one wants that."
The Board
Spell : Shield Charm
Incantation : pro-TAY-goh
Spells that should be used in this class : - Aqua Eructo - Knockback Jinx - Everte Statum (Dueling Spell) - Rictumsempra
Practice Assignment
Study the Reductor Curse (Reducto) for next meeting.
Oh, well this is life in color (color) Today feels like no other(other) And the darkest grays, the sun bursts, clouds break Oh, well this is life in motion (motion) And just when I couldn't run this race, no The sun bursts, clouds break, this is life in color
❖With :: Fifth Years ❖Where :: Classroom (DADA 4-7) ❖Wearing :: Working Attire
❖Out.Of.Classe :: Each correct answer in the pre-test has 5 House Points
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2016 10:30 am
Location : DADA - Tuesday @ 8:00am
Emma would admit she was not ready for a test so early in the morning. Though, she did expect the OWL reminder. She'd just have to do her best on the whole test part. Luckily she spent all summer studying so she should at least remember most of the information. Once she was done the test Emma handed it in.
Name : __Emma Bailey__ House : _Hufflepuff_
1) Which one of these is NOT TRUE about the Fire Crabs? a. They have four legs b. They are native of the island of Fiji c. They have heavily jeweled shells, which were valued d. None of the above
2) Which of these is the correct incantation to counter Boggarts? a. Rictusempra b. Riddikulus c. Rickulus d. Reducto
3) Which one of these is true about Grindylows? a. They survive on fish, algae, and small sea creatures b. They are Dark creatures c. They were absolutely unable to harm humans d. All except C
4.) What is the difference between a werewolf and an actual wolf? _Werewolves are humans that are cursed to transform during a full moon. Wolves however are born that way._
5) In what condition will make a wizard/witch a ghost? _If a witch or wizard is afraid of death they can remain on earth as a ghost._
Once that was done Emma waited quietly for the next topic to be covered. It just so happened to be the shield charm that they were learning. The fifth year took out her quill and became taking notes on the spell. 'Protego...' She thought quietly to herself as she wrote down the variations of the spell. Like Professor Windsor said, they'd need to learn the simplest form first.
Before Emma could find a partner, she wrote down what was on the board. Practice assignment and all for a later date. Making a mental note on the spells they could use. She wasn't too keen on the tickle charm but she'd just have to figure out the shield charm by then. Once finished, Emma looked for one of her friends to partner up with.
Siobhan'Hannah'Grey Hufflepuff Prefect │ Fifth Year │ Fifteen Years Old │ Single
Considering how much time her cousin spent working with her on Defense Against Dark Arts, Hannah felt more prepared than she might otherwise have been, as she would have been content to while the summer away, never giving it a second thought. She'd expected the usual reminder about OWLs, but getting a test on the first day back was just not cool in her book. Still, there was nothing to be done for it, aside from taking the test and hoping she wouldn't be caught short for answers.
1) Which one of these is NOT TRUE about the Fire Crabs?
a. They have four legs
2) Which of these is the correct incantation to counter Boggarts?
b. Riddikulus
3) Which one of these is true about Grindylows?
d. All except C
4.) What is the difference between a werewolf and an actual wolf?
A wolf is a natural creature, a werewolf is a person cursed to turn into a wolf-like creature at the full moon.
5) In what condition will make a wizard/witch a ghost?
Only magical folk can become ghosts, and only if they're afraid to die or are strongly attached to a certain place or person.
After handing in her test, Hannah started taking down the notes for today's class, and not feeling at all comfortable with the thought of dueling, even if it were just a mock one. That stuff was all fine for Selina, whom had been in that club for five years, and she'd somehow managed to coax her little sister into that stuff, but Hannah didn't like violence. She was rather grateful to see her best friend was similarly unenthused.
"Wanna partner up, Emma?" she asked. "Beats some of the alternatives."
