Welcome to Gaia! ::

Yes, or softening it, depending on context. You can also use の in place where you would use んだ. I've also heard なの in that position but I'm not sure of the details on when it's acceptable to use it.

Would either of you happen to have sources you can cite for each of your respective examples?

Also one minor question I wanna slip in. I recently learned one the the euphemisms women use to refer to their period in Japan is 来客中. My main question is how are those 3 characters supposed to be read? らいきゃくちゅう? らいきゃくうち? The others involve different part of Japanese grammar. (yes, this is weird to want to know)

Cirenes's link seems to cover it.

I don't have any concrete references of my own; I'm only drawing on three years of college-level Japanese classes, where the final exam was roughly equivalent to the JLPT level 3 (except I came out of the class a little weak on kanji, only around 200-250 compared to the ~300 that the Level 3 needs), and, following that, casual conversation with Japanese-speaking friends.

Where Cirenes and I disagree, listen to her. wink

There are several different ways of saying this, depending on exactly what you want to say.

The simplest to explain is the -ba form.

For i-adjectives, you change the -i to -kere or -kereba (the latter is more formal). For example, "if it is red, it is hot" would be 「あかければ、あついです。」

For na-adjectives, you add nara or naraba (likewise, the latter is more formal). "It is quiet, so I will walk" would be 「しずかなら、あるく。」This form is also used in place of the copula, so you can replace だ or です in the same manner -- this means that 「あかいなら、あついです。」is correct as well.

For verbs, you change the -u to -eba. Your "if I can do it, I will" example becomes 「できれば、やる。」(Exceptions: "suru", being an irregular little monster, becomes "sure" or "sureba," and likewise "kuru" is "kure" or "kureba." "iku" follows the regular pattern.)

There is a rarer conjugation ending in ども that is more formal, but I don't know the details of its conjugation.

Your もし I would generally think of as being similar to the English verb "suppose."

Edit: Your second example "I'd love it if you could do it for me" isn't this kind of hypothetical construction. This would be better expressed as a normal conjunction: それをくれて、うれしい might be one way you could say it. It might be translated into English as "If you do that, then I'll be happy" but it's not a hypothetical -- it's more of a "you do that and I'll be happy."

The answer for けど is 3 tier, with the first being it's most taught usage as expressing contrasting ideas(IE X, but Y). When using that, or any similar conjunctions, you can use a phrase that contradicts the idea presented in the initial statement, like saying "He likes pie, but doesn't ever get fat". The next is as a general connector for sentences, with this usage tied to more polite speech. The final one, used when the conjunction is by itself in a sentence, is as a softener to a given statement, which also ties to polite ways of speaking to someone.

To your second question, ください is a request verb, used by itself and with the て form of verbs. In that statement, I would surmise it is a humble way to saying sorry. なさい, in comparison, is only used with the stem form of verbs, and serves as a softer way to get someone to do something, often seen with the word ごめん.

To your last question, it's a more casual version of the phrase 訳が分らない, which communicates something is incomprehensible, or doesn't make sense(the literal translation being I don't understand the reason)

i was wondering what does this mean :後輩をそういう落とすのやめてくんないかな. I read it in a video of an arguement between KAT-TUN and arashi. I know its something about a kohai. Can anyone help?

I can give u the link to the video if you want.