During the Holocene, millennial-scale climatic events such as the ‘Medieval Warm Period’ (MWP) and the ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) can be detected across the Northern Hemisphere (NH), and have been associated with changes in atmospheric circulation and solar variability (deMenocal et al., 2000, Bond et al., 2001, Rohling et al., 2002 and Mayewski et al., 2004). These events have site-specific expressions, and their controlling factors and natural feedback mechanisms
JDTic still not fully understood (Mayewski et al., 2004). Therefore, full comprehension of this millennial-scale climatic variability requires long, continuous, high-resolution records from climate-sensitive areas. The Mediterranean region is situated between the subtropical high-pressure belt and the mid-latitude westerlies, recording both high- and low-latitude climate changes, such as
pelagic zone related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Asian Monsoon (Rossignol-Strick, 1985, Hurrell, 1995, Alpert et al., 2006, Lionello et al., 2006, Trigo et al., 2006, Brandimarte et al., 2011 and Nieto-Moreno et al., 2011).
