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Table 1.
Top 10 genes induced by CA in 3T3-L1 cells. The 3T3-L1 AG-014699 were incubated in the absence or presence of 10 μM CA for 24 h. Total RNA was isolated and subjected to microarray analysis. The name of gene, public ID, fold of induction (experimental/control), and p-value of the control cells are indicated. Bold characters show the phase2 genes, all of which are supposed to be involved in GSH metabolism.
GenePublic IDFoldP-value
GST A2NM_0081828.60.000244
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteinNM_0085123.70.000244
GCLCBC0193743.70.000244
ABCC4BB2918853.70.000244
ABCC1NM_0085763.50.000732
Nidogen 1X144803.20.000244
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2AK0037183.20.000244
MYC-binding protein 2AW1079533.00.000244
GST mu 1NM_0103582.80.000244
Dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1NM_0302382.80.000732
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Phase2 enzyme genes induction by CA
Being a specific transcriptional element located in the 5′ upstream promoter region of genes that encode phase2 enzymes, the antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) plays a central role in the induction of such enzymes [10] and [11]. In order to detect the induction of the genes for phase2 enzymes (gsta2, gclc, abcc4, and abcc1), we performed RT-PCR using total RNA from 3T3-L1 cells pretreated with 10 μM CA (Supplementary Fig. 2). The rRNA gene was used as an internal positive control, and its expression level was not changed by CA. All of the genes were increased by CA after 8–24 h of incubation, although the patterns of induction were slightly different among these genes. Other authentic phase2 genes (ho-1, nqo1, and gclc) were also induced by CA. CS produced similar results as CA (data not shown).