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miR-124 directly targets PTBP1(PTB/hnRNP I), a global repressor of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in non-neuronal cells. During neuronal differentiation, miR-124 reduces PTBP1 levels, resulting in the transition from non-neuronal to neuronal-specific alternative splicing patterns [36]. Both miR-124 and miR-137 directly target also cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) [15] which regulates R406 progression and differentiation.
Other miRNAs
Gal et al. [37] demonstrated that transfection of glioblastoma cells by miR-451 inhibited their growth. It also inhibited neurosphere formation (neurosheres are structures generated by neural stem cells in vitro) [38].
miR-10b is upregulated in glioblastomas [24] and [15]. Increased levels of miR-10b have been observed in breast cancer cells and it correlated with disease progression [39]. However, the function of miR-10b has not yet been described in glioblastoma.
miR-129, miR-139 a miR-218 are downregulated in glioblastomas [15], but their function remains unknown.