In conclusion, this study showed that total organism mortality caused by impingement on water-cooling screens at KPS is substantial, although the juvenile
AS-1404 removed by impingement is low in comparison to fisheries landings. In contrast to impingement dominated by a few main fish species in temperate waters, multispecies impingement occurs at KPS with implication on mitigation options. Continuous impingement monitoring at power plants in Malaysia is strongly advised as are further studies on the subject and the entrainment issue, which was not covered in the present study. The I&E problem is very relevant to the current issue of shrimp stock depletion due to overfishing and loss of nursery habitats whereby the state suffered 47% mangrove loss from 1980 to 2000 (Chong, 2006). Impingement further kills 5.5 million juvenile shrimps, while entrainment would remove a
crustaceans portion of the estimated 65 billion shrimp larvae recruited into Klang Strait annually (Chong et al., 1996). The number and siting of future power plants should be critically evaluated; power plants should never be sited near mangrove or on the mudflat where the larvae and juveniles of marine organisms abound all year round.
