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Kalathma

PostPosted: Mon Feb 12, 2007 2:10 pm


Bah. I'm making another new one... I'll see if I stick with it. D<



Quote:

Alphabet

User Image

For the pronunciation, I'm going to try using the IPA as well. but to let you all know ahead of time, it's extremely likely there's going to be several mistakes. Please correct me if you see a one.

Vowels

A (ɑː) The 'a' of Japanese, Spanish, French.
E (ɛ) The 'e' of the word 'egg,' as pronounced in non-redneck, Northern U.S.A.
Ö/U (ø/ʊ) The Swedish 'Ö' or the 'u' in 'umm.' The situations in which one uses one or the other depends on dialect or situation. To be later explained.
Ō (ʊu) The 'oo' in 'moon.'
AJ (eɪ) The 'ai' in 'Caitlin.'
AI (aɪ) The 'y' in 'my.'
Ī (ɪi) The 'ee' in 'meet.'
I (ɪ) The 'i' in 'sit.'
O (oʊ) The 'o' in 'no.'
AU (ɔ) The 'o' in 'cot.'
EU (ɔʏ) The German word 'Deutsch.'
EI (N/A) It's a cross between 'aj' and 'ai,' but if you pronounce it either of those ways, it's likely you'll be understood.

Consonants

Č/KH (tʃ/x) The 'ch' in 'chair' and the 'ch' in the Scottish word 'loch.'
V (ʋ) The 'v' in 'vulture,' however sometimes after an 'a,' it makes the 'w' sound.
S (s) The 's' in 'suit.'
W (N/A) The 'w' in 'winner.'
L (l) The 'l' in 'lint.'
R (N/A) The Japanese 'r,' kind of a combination of 'l,' 'r,' and 'd.' However, when doubled, it is the Spanish roll-y 'r.'
M (m) The 'm' in 'mare.'
Š (ʃ) The 's' in 'sheet.'
G (ɡ) The 'g' in 'goat.'
Z/Ž (zʒ) The 'z' in 'zoo' or 's' in 'pleasure.'
P (p) The 'p' in 'pull.'
H (ɣ) The 'h' in 'hit.'
N'/NG (N/A) The 'gn' in the French word in 'mignon.' Or sometimes pronounced as the 'ny' in 'canyon.'
K (k) The 'k' in 'kite.'
T (t) A 't' in which one's tongue is back towards the throat.
W (N/A) The 'w' in 'white.'
B (b) The 'b' in 'bite.'
N (n) The 'n' in 'Norway.'
D (d) A 'd' in which one's tongue is back towards the throat.
J (j) The 'y' in 'yes.'
TS (ʦ) The 'ts' in 'cats.'

Dipthongs

Aw (aʊ) The 'ow' in now.
Dk (ð/θ/N/A) The 'th' in this, the 'th' is thing, or just 'dk.'
Sv (ʃ/sv) The 'sh' in sheet or just 'sv.'

Related things:
- When romanised, double letters are typed as normal double letters. (Ej. Alarr). When written, double letters have a circle above them, as they would in the alphabet.
- A silent letter (which is nearly always 'j'), is marked with ':' after it. (Ej. Ba'j:ab) It would then be pronounced 'ba-ab.'
- A romanised a followed by a j would be written as a'j, so one does not confuse it with aj.
- When romanised, the rise/fall tone is typed with brackets around the toned letters. (Ej. [ma]) When written, the rise/fall tone is written with a circumflex-looking thing above the toned letters.
- I totally messed up when I wrote 'alaff' next to 'alarr.' I'm not sure what I was thinking. Ten gold stars for you if you noticed before-hand.
- I also forgot to put 'ts' on the paper. I'll add a picture of it some other time. I'm not currently in the presence of a hooked-up scanner. Ten more gold stars if you noticed this, too, before-hand.

I'll also put up a recording soon and hopefully I'll be able to get in all the letters.





Happy learning.
PostPosted: Mon Feb 12, 2007 2:11 pm


Ok. So, Hannibal Rising is, indeed, one of the best movies I have ever, ever seen. heart Anyway. Onto the next thing...

Quote:

Pronouns

There are three types of pronouns; formal, informal, and slang.

Meaning || Formal || Informal || Slang

I Sal || Sa || Čī

You Vī || Va || Koraj

He Ger || Ga || Wa

She Mat || [Ma] || Ša

It Gimt || -- || Ja

One Pal || Pa || --

*We (inclusive) Žai || Ža || --

*We (exclusive) Žaj || Žat || --

You all Vīr || Vat || --

They (m.) Gedk || Gat || Kant

They (f.) Matur || [Ma]t || Nan'

They (m.f.) Buko || Bu || Kan'

They (it) Gīmtur || Gīm || --

* Žaj and Žai are like the Malay/Indonesian kita and kami; the inclusive we includes everyone, while the exclusive includes you and the person/people you are directly talking to.

Possessive Pronouns

My Sala || Sau

Your Vīja || Vau

His Gera || Gau

Hers Mata || Mau

Its Gimta || Gimu

One's Pala || Pau

Ours (inclusive) Žaija || Žau

Ours (exclusive) Žaj'ja || Žatau

Your (plural) Vīra || Vatau

Their (m.) Gedka || Gatau

Their (f.) Mata || [Mau]

Their (m.f.) Buka || Bau

Their (it) Palura || Pau





Kalathma


Kalathma

PostPosted: Mon Feb 12, 2007 2:12 pm


Everyone's favorite thing; Verb conjugations! (Or my favorite thing at least.) domokun
Anyway, the conjugation for verbs is really quite simple. The verb stays in its infinitive and these are added to the end of the verb.


Quote:

Present Tenses

Present Progressive
- Ma

Present Want
- [Da]

Present Do
- Da


Doesn't seem too hard, yes?


Quote:
Past Tenses

Past Want
- [Par]

Past Did
- Par




Quote:
Future Tenses

Future Want
- [Eč]

Future Do
- Eč




Quote:
Imperfect Tense

- Pa


Quote:
Conditional Tense

- Te


Quote:
Subjunctive Tense

- Čo



Quote:
"Able-to" Tenses

Put ku- at the beginning of the verb.

Example:

[Ma] kunakan She can be
PostPosted: Mon Feb 12, 2007 2:13 pm


Woo.


Quote:
Noun Declensions

Ablative

Type One
(Vowel ending)

Dau


Type Two
(Consonant ending)

An


Type Three
(Irregular)


Examples


Nominative

Type One
(Vowel ending)

Saj


Type Two
(Consonant ending)

Īr


Type Three
(Irregular)


Examples


Locative

Type One
(Vowel ending)


Type Two
(Consonant ending)


Type Three
(Irregular)


Examples


Accusative

Type One
(Vowel ending)

Na


Type Two
(Consonant ending)

Um


Type Three
(Irregular)


Examples


Lative

Type One
(Vowel ending)


Type Two
(Consonant ending)


Type Three
(Irregular)


Examples


Genitive

Type One
(Vowel ending)


Type Two
(Consonant ending)


Type Three
(Irregular)


Examples




smile

Kalathma


Kalathma

PostPosted: Mon Feb 12, 2007 2:14 pm


Quote:
Numbers and Counters

PostPosted: Mon Feb 12, 2007 2:15 pm


Quote:
Sentence Structure/Grammar

To negate a verb, one puts 'sai' before the verb.

(Ejemplo: Gimt sai aj:an-ma. [It's not moving.])


To make a noun more formal, one either adds -han' or -luje. -Han' is for people and any other living thing, while -luje is used for any non-living thing.

To make a word plural, one adds the first syllable to the end of the word.

(Ejemplo: Ba'juba. [Waters.])


Kalathma


Kalathma

PostPosted: Mon Feb 12, 2007 2:16 pm


Quote:
Verbs

Verbs usually end in -n or -ab. Only three verbs ever end in a vowel.

Regular Verbs


To be: Nakan
To have: Awan
To eat: Ata'j:ab
To drink: Baj:ab
To go: Jūn
To move: Aj:an
To speak, say, tell: Porin
To give: Najhab
To place, put: Rajrīn
To reach: Magrab
To love: Applen
To flow (water): Khadön
To turn: Tsan
To flow (blood): Pajdkab

Irregular verbs


PostPosted: Mon Feb 12, 2007 2:17 pm


Quote:
Basic Vocabulary

Yes, I agree, right, correct, fine, ok: Un'
No, I don't agree, wrong: Sai
Hello: Svana

Question Words

Who: Tal
What: Höt
Where: Ša
When: Pai
How: Be
Why: Waj
Which: Kem

Kalathma


Kalathma

PostPosted: Mon Feb 12, 2007 2:18 pm


Quote:
Nouns

Food

Food: Atampt


Body Parts

All end in -e.


Foot: Baj:ate
Eye: Maj:e
Hand: Dadke


Colours

Colour: Rajcan'


Places

Generally end in -a.


Earth, planet, land: Matča
England: Bimča


Elements/Weather-related things

Water: Ba'ju
River: Koku

People/Occupations

Mother (inf.): Kansku
Father (inf.): Šarr
Person: Olang
Enemy: Gapo
PostPosted: Mon Feb 12, 2007 2:18 pm


Quote:
Adjectives

Kalathma


Kalathma

PostPosted: Mon Feb 12, 2007 2:20 pm


Quote:
Adverbs
PostPosted: Tue Feb 13, 2007 3:40 pm


Reserved+

Kalathma


Kalathma

PostPosted: Fri Apr 11, 2008 3:19 pm


Posting is open.
Reply
Conlang Grammar and Lessons

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