|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 Posted: Sat Feb 10, 2007 3:34 pm
particles "ka", "yo" and "ne"
particles "to" and "mo"The particle の (no) shows the relationship between nouns. It allows the first noun to modify the second noun. It can convey relationships between nouns such as possession, group membership, location, and instrument.
Example 1: Possession
私の友達
わたしの ともだち
watashi no tomodachi = my friend (watashi means I and tomodachi means friend)
先生のカップ
せんせいの カップ
sensei no KAPPU = the teacher's cup (sensei means teacher and KAPPU means cup)
Example 2: Group membership
東大の学生
とうだいの がくせい
Toudai no gakusei = student of tokyo university (toudai is an abbreviation for toukyou daigaku (東京大学), which is tokyo university. gakusei is student)
K-MARTの雇用者
K-MARTのこようしゃ
K-MART no koyousha = employee of K-MART (koyousha = employee)
Example 3: Location
メキシコの家
メキシコのうち
MEKISHIKO no uchi = house in Mexico (uchi means house)
---
Be careful. Sometimes one phrase can mean more than one thing. You have to use the context to decide what it means.
先生の本
せんせいの ほん
sensei no hon
This can mean both "teacher's book" or "book written by the teacher"
日本の本
にほんの ほん
nihon no hon
Either "book about Japan" or "book from Japan"
東京のすずきさん
とうきょうの すずきさん
Toukyou no Suzuki-san
Either "Suzuki-san who lives in Tokyo" or "Suzuki-san from Tokyo"
---
When the order of the nouns is switched, the meaning changes.
ホストファミリーの 田中さん
ホストファミリーの たなかさん
HOSUTOFAMIRII no tanaka-san = Tanaka-san who is (my) host family
田中さんの ホストファミリー
たなかさんのホストファミリー
tanaka-san no HOSUTOFAMIRII = Tanaka-san's host family
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Sat Feb 10, 2007 3:35 pm
の as a nominalizer.
The particle の can also be added after the plain or dictionary form of verbs to make a noun phrase similar to the "-ing" ending in English.
私は映画を見るのが好きです。
わたしは えいがを みろのが すきです。
Watashi wa eiga o miru no ga suki desu. = I like watching movies.
映画を見るのは面白いです。
えいがを みるのは おもしろいです。
Eiga o miru no wa omoshiroi desu. = Watching movies is fun.
To expand on this, の can make other types of noun phrases. The underlined section is the noun phrase that results when adding の after it. This whole phrase is treated like a noun, which is why the particles は, を, or が can be put after it.
Example:
豚をペットにするのは面白いです。
ぶたをペットにするのはおもしろいです。
Buta o PETTO ni suru no wa omoshiroi desu. = Making a pig a pet is interesting.
Everything before the は is the phrase that is being treated like a noun; it all clumps together to make the subject of the sentence.
Literally: As for 'making-a-pig-a-pet', it is interesting.
Similar to 花は面白いです。(Flowers are interesting, lit. As for 'flowers', they are interesting.)
More examples:
熊が魚を食べるのを見ます。
くまがさかなをたべるのをみます。
Kuma ga sakana o taberu no o mimasu. = I watch the bear eating the fish.
虎の近くに行くのはいやだ。
とらのちかくにいくのはいやだ。
Tora no chikaku ni iku no wa iya da. = I don't like to come close to tigers.
自然 が無くなってのが恐いです。
じぜんがなくなってのがこわいです。
Jizen ga nakunatte no ga kowai desu. = It's frightening that nature is disappearing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Sat Feb 10, 2007 3:36 pm
Using の in casual speech.
In female casual speech, の replaces ~んです. (Article on ~んです to come sometime in the future.)
The use of の with a rising intonation is common to both males and females when forming questions.
Example:
恵子: どこ、行くの？ (male or female)
広子: 家に帰るの。 (female)
まもる: 家に帰るんだ。 (male)
けいこ: どこ、いくの？ (male or female)
ひろこ: うちに かえるの。 (female)
まもる: うちに かえるんだ。 (male)
keiko: Doko, iku no? (male or female)
hiroko: Uchi ni kaeru no. (female)
mamoru: Uchi ni kaerun da. (male)
keiko: Where are you going?
hiroko: I'm going home.
mamoru: I'm going home.
When Keiko uses 'no' with a rising intonation at the end of the sentence, it makes the sentence a question. So, oftentimes in casual speech, 'no' will replace 'ka', or both of them will be omitted, but the rising intonation will remain.
'uchi ni kaeru no' in female speech means the same thing as 'uchi ni kaerun da', which is used more by males.
(temporary quick explanation of "plain-form-of-verb+n desu)
When you ask a question with "n desu", you are looking for an explanation. When making a statement, you use "n desu" when you are explaining yourself.
どうして食べないんですか。
おなかがいたいんです。
Doushite tabenain desu ka.
Onaka ga itain desu.
Why aren't you eating?
Because my stomach hurts.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Sat Feb 10, 2007 3:36 pm
Using の as the subject of short noun modifying clauses.
(Article on noun modifying clauses coming later.)
Because the topic marker は does not appear in a modifying clause, the subject of a verb is marked by が.
When a noun modifying clause is very short, が is often replaced with の.
父が/の 好きだった 家
ちちが/の すきだった うち
chichi ga/no suki datta uchi = the house that my father liked
弟が/の 見た 映画
おとうとが/の みた えいが
otouto ga/no mita eiga = the movie that my younger brother watched
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Sat Feb 10, 2007 3:37 pm
Using の as a pronoun (this の is not a particle!)
This pronoun means 'one' or 'ones' in English, as in the 'red one' or 'that big one'. It is rarely used with people.
It must be directly preceded by an adjective or a noun.
あの白い建物は病院です。
あの しろい たてものは びょういんです。
Ano shiroi tatemono wa byouin desu. = That white building over there is a hospital.
茶色いのは銀行です。
ちゃいろいのは ぎんこうです。
Chairoi no wa ginkou desu. = The brown one is a bank.
Here, 'no' is replacing 'tatemono' (building).
The full sentence without using 'no' would be:
茶色い建物は銀行です。
ちゃいろい たてものは ぎんこうです。
Chairoi tatemono wa ginkou desu. = The brown building is a bank.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Sat Feb 10, 2007 3:38 pm
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Sat Feb 10, 2007 4:14 pm
Just の？I was hoping for a thread for all of them, but ok.
I already know this one, but THANK YOU FOR PUTTING KANA! whee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Sat Feb 10, 2007 4:22 pm
Don't worry, there will be more threads for more particles. :3 I'm going to make a directory thread as well to keep things organized.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Sat Feb 10, 2007 4:30 pm
Ask the mods to sticky that. ninja
One question: This one is so it you don't have to do anything, but can you put literal translations? It really helps me. ☆ヽ(▽⌒*)よろしく～♪
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Sat Feb 10, 2007 4:49 pm
Sure, I'll come back and add some literal translations later.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Sat Feb 10, 2007 5:17 pm
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reply
