Transfiguration, Defence Against the Dark Arts, Charms, Potions, Astronomy, History of Magic, and Herbology are mandotory subjects for the first five years. At the end of a student's second year, they are required to add at least two optional subjects to their syllabus for the start of the third year. The five choices are Arithmancy, Ancient Runes, Divination, Care of Magical Creatures, and Muggle Studies.
Mandatory Courses:
Transfiguration:
Transfiguration is essentially the art of changing the properties of an object. Transfiguration is a theory-based subject, including topics such as "Switching Spells" (altering only a part of some object, such as giving a human rabbit's ears); Vanishing Spells (causing an object to completely disappear); and Conjuring Spells (creating objects out of thin air). It is possible to change inanimate objects into animate ones and vice versa.
Transfiguration classes are taught by Professor McGonagall, the deputy headmistress of Hogwarts and Head of Gryfinndor house.
Defence Against the Dark Arts:
Defence Against the Dark Arts, commonly shortened to D.A.D.A., is the class that teaches students defensive techniques to defend against the Dark Arts, and to be protected from Dark creatures.
The subject has an extraordinarily high turnover of staff members — no Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher has remained at Hogwarts for more than one school year. It is suggested that Voldemort cursed the position because his application for it was rejected. For this reason, we have a new professor. Professor Wormwort will ba taking over the Defence Against the Dark Arts classes.
Charms:
Charms is the class that teaches how to develop incantations for the uses of bewitchment. Charms are a type of magic spell concerned with giving an object new and unexpected properties. Charms classes are described as notoriously noisy and chaotic, as the lessons are largely practical. Charms are taught by Professor Flitwick, head of Ravenclaw house and Choir master.
Potions:
Potions is described as the art of creating mixtures with magical effects. It requires the correct mixing and stirring of ingredients at the right times and temperatures. Snape's lessons are unhappy, oppressing times set in a gloomy dungeon in the basement of the castle. Professor Snape, head of Slytherin house, teaches these classes, which are usually a shared double class.
Astronomy:
Astronomy is the study of the stars and the only field of study at Hogwarts that has a direct equivalent in the Muggle world. Astronomy classes take place in the Astronomy Tower, the tallest tower in Hogwarts, and are taught by Professor Aurora Sinistra. Lessons involve observations of the night skies with telescopes. Student homework activities include learning the names of stars, constellations and planets, and their location, movements, and environments.
History of Magic:
History of Magic is the study of magical history. Professor Cuthbert Binns' lessons are depicted as some of the most boring at Hogwarts. They are only lectures, given without pause, about significant events in wizarding history. Topics have included goblin rebellions, giant wars, and the origins of wizarding secrecy. This is the only class at Hogwarts that is taught by a ghost.
Herbology:
Herbology is the study of magical plants and how to take care of, utilise and combat them. The "classrooms" are three greenhouses on Hogwart's grounds, holding a variety of magical plants of varying degrees of lethality. Professor Sprout, head of Hufflepuff house, is the Herbology teacher.
Electives:
Arithmancy:
Arithmancy is a branch of magic concerned with the magical properties of numbers. Arithmancy is reportedly difficult, as it requires memorizing or working with large number charts.The subject is taught by Professor Vector.
Ancient Runes:
Ancient Runes is a generally theoretical subject that studies the ancient runic scripts. It is taught by Professor Bathsheda Babbling.
Divination:
Divination is the art of predicting the future. Various methods are described, including tea leaves, fire omens, crystal balls, palmistry, cartomancy (including the reading of conventional playing cards and the tarot), astrology, and dream interpretations. Supporters of the subject claim that it is an inexact science that requires innate gifts like the "Inner Eye". Those opposed claim that the subject is irrelevant and fraudulent. The class is taught by Professor Trelawney.
Care of Magical Creatures:
Care of Magical Creatures is the class which instructs students on how to care for magical beasts. Classes are held outside the castle. Rubeus Hagrid teaches the class. Although Hagrid is obviously very experienced and knowledgeable, he consistently misjudges the risk that the animals he uses in his lessons pose to his students, which sometimes results in chaos.
Muggle Studies:
Muggle Studies involves the study of the Muggle (non-magical) culture "from a wizarding point of view." The only need for witches and wizards to learn about Muggle ways and means, is to ensure they can blend in with Muggles while needing to do so. Professor Charity Burbage is the teacher of this course and portrays Muggles in a positive light and is opposed to limiting wizardry to only people of pure-blood origins.
Flying:
Flying is the class that teaches the use of broomsticks made for the use of flying and is taught only to Hogwarts first years. The subject is the only one that requires physicality. The class is taught by Madam Hooch, the Quidditch referee at Hogwarts.
Apparition:
Apparition is the magical form of teleportation. Lessons are optional to those in the sixth and seventh years. Performing Apparition requires a licence and may only be legally performed by people over seventeen years of age. The described reason for the restriction is that Apparition is dangerous if done improperly: body parts can be left behind in an unfortunate side-effect known as "splinching." Although magical enchantments on Hogwarts castle and grounds prevent Apparition and Disapparition inside the castle, these protections are temporarily relaxed within the Great Hall for short periods to permit students to practise Apparition. Wilkie Twycross, a "Ministry of Magic Apparition Instructor" offers the lessons.
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