Q. What is the difference between a Real Robot and a Super Robot?
A. Real Robots are mecha that can be considered realistic. There is an
established science to the units and their main weapons are likely to
consist of various guns (of course there are exceptions). All Gundam
series, with the exception of G Gundam that has Super Robots, are Real
Robots. Real Robots are most often involved in a military or special
operations organization and the mecha themselves are often produced in a
similar manner to most military vehicles.
Super Robots are those big fantastic robots that run on no realistic
scientific application whatsoever. They may fight with giant swords,
hammers, bend the elements to their will, and/or fire rocket punches. A
punch from a Super Robot can be stronger than a blast of mega particles
or other beam weaponry. Super Robots are often created by a single
brilliant scientist or a small team of them who are somehow able to
create these unique insanely powerful mecha with little outside influence
and resources. Basically, Super Robots are not what you would expect of
something that could be "real."
Some series don't cleanly fit in either category though such as units
from Evangelion, Dunbine, and Brain Powerd.
It is also possible for a series to have both SR and RR units. Rahxephon
is an SR show and Rahxephon is an SR itself. There are vehicles on that
show that are RR though (namely the variety of aircraft used by TERRA,
with the exception of the Vermillion which would almost be totally RR
other than what is under the hood... which puts it into a hybrid
category).