Badgerkin, I know you got this from a website, so please don't take any personal offense when I say that the site doesn't know what they're talking about.
sweatdrop My parents were hobbyist beekeepers as I was growing up, and spending time watching them and meeting a number of professional beekeepers (as well as doing things like reading Usenet beekeeping groups and being familiar with beekeeping catalogues) gave me a lot of knowledge about the trade.
The website
Queen bees are artificially inseminated with sperm obtained from decapitated bees.
First off, most beekeepers do not do this. It's very difficult to find the queen bee in the hive, and then separating her from her ever-present attendants is also difficult (if she's away from them too long she dies, because she can't feed herself).
Secondly, drones die after mating, and its somewhat painful (my understanding is that its similar to the way bees die after stinging, which involves their intestines falling out). So I sort of question how inhumane it really is to painlessly decapitate them rather than letting them mate in the "natural" way and dying as a result, anyway.
sweatdrop No-win situation, I suppose.
The website
Queens are systematically slaughtered every two years because over time their egg producing abilities decline so their whole hive becomes unproductive and uneconomic. In Israel they are killed and re-queened every year.
Okay, I can't speak about Israel. I don't know about their practices.
However, again,
most beekeepers do not kill their queen and then put in a new one. Sometimes they do it when her egg production drops, yes, but in those situations the workers eventually create a new queen and kill the old one themselves. In other words, when a beekeeper kills a queen and introduces a new one, he or she is doing exactly what the hive would do itself in a little while.
The website
When beekeepers manipulate combs many bees are crushed and killed.
That's true that bees are crushed and killed. I don't see how it could be avoided, since bees crawl over and onto everything around the hive. Beekeepers do their best to avoid hurting the bees, and I've seen many hives opened, fully examined, and closed back up without a single bee being hurt. Sometimes, though, the beekeeper just doesn't see that one worker who crawls up under the super.
The website
Hives have smoke puffed into them to calm bees down and make them easier to handle.
They really should go into detail about why this works.
To the best of my knowledge the smoke doesn't harm the bees - what it does do is initiate their instinct to eat. They move lower down into the hive to eat the honey, and then they're too full to effectively sting the beekeeper.
The website
Special excluders or devices that violate the bees' space are attached to hives to collect bee products from bees as they enter hives.
The website makes it sound as if the bees mind.
In nature, bees build their nests in old tree trunks, in the ground, and any other hollow spot they can find. The cartoon image of an oval beehive hanging from a tree isn't real. Beeshives are built around all sorts of odd protrusions and into all sorts of strangely shaped openings. So I don't see why the website is implying that a hive's space is "violated" by placing something in the hive or near the hive opening.
Moreover, bees are designed to brush up against things - they have pollen collectors on their legs for precisely that purpose.
The website
Bees are separated from their hives by being shaken vigorously or jetted out with powerful streams of air.
This is true. Its the only way to get them out.
I have never seen this harm a bee, however; they're resilient creatures. I've even seen someone detach a swarm by cutting the branch it was hanging from and making it fall about 15 feet into a waiting hive body. Much to my surprise, when I looked shortly thereafter once the bees had calmed down, there were no dead bees.
The website
Clipping the wings of queen bees prevents them from swarming (flying off!).
(snip)
However, beekeepers are constantly trying to prevent this natural phenomenon and will use artificial pheromones, wing clipping and cage queens to keep their colony under control.
Okay, there's a lot of nonsense in here that needs to be sorted out.
First off, a queen only takes one flight in her life - a mating flight. After that flight she rests, then finds a spot for a new hive and sets up shop. The workers that leave the original hive to go with her constitute the swarm.
The queen that leaves is, obviously, a new queen. There would be no sense in a beekeeper clipping the wings of a new queen in order to prevent her from swarming (or, as implied by the website, to cage her in)
unless they were breeding a new queen and wanted to artificially inseminate her and then insert her into a new hive. In other words, if they're in the business of selling queens and didn't want her to leave her new hive in order to mate and establish a new one.
However, if they're going to artificially inseminate queen bees, then clipping their wings is no big deal at all - bees have no nerves in their wings, and after the mating flight the queen's wings become unusable, anyway. In other words, they're putting her in the same position she'd be in as if she'd had a mating flight and founded a new hive.
As for swarming itself...yes, it can be a bad thing. Bees swarm when they become overpopulated and their old queen is still laying sufficiently (so the workers don't want to kill her off quite yet and replace her); however, that is the only precondition to their swarming. They don't swarm based on season or food availability, so sometimes they swarm at a stupid time; since they're essentially taking one overpopulated hive and splitting it in half, sometimes you end up with two underpopulated hives right before winter starts. Moreover, the second hive has
no built-up storage of honey for food.
If the beekeeper lets the colony swarm, both hives will often die.
Instead, beekeepers split hives before the bees swarm; if they find that the workers have made a queen larva, the beekeeper knows it's past time and rushes to prevent the swarm by splitting the hive, putting the comb with the queen larva in the new hive.
The website
Beekeepers feed artificial pollen substitutes and white sugar syrup to colonies, often to replace the honey that has been removed. If these practices are carried out over long periods of time they lower hive productivity and lifespan. Colonies fed on their natural food - honey and pollen - result in larger emerging bees and more vigorous bees.
This is why most beekeepers are very, very careful about how much honey they remove.
Secondly, I have never met a beekeeper that fed at any time other than the winter months, when there was no pollen or necter available and the hive may or may not have enough stores to last the winter (even if
no honey was removed).
Despite what the website seems to imply, bees do not always fare well in most temperate areas without human intervention. Wild bee hives will often die during the winter.
The website
Beekeepers have become dependent on the use of synthetic pesticides and antibiotics to combat pests, and this has led to problems of toxicological hazards to beekeepers and bees, and risks of honey contamination.
The use of the term "become dependent" is somewhat misleading.
There are no natural ways to combat many of the problems which face bees. Numerous mites and bacteria attack hives, and there are no effective natural remedies for these. In my experience, the beekeepers I know do not use the honey of a hive which has been given antibiotics or treated with any sort of medicine. They treat the hive simply to take care of the bees, knowing that season's crop of honey is shot. I wish the website would give some alternatives of what beekeepers
could do to take care of the hive without using medicine, but unfortunately it seems like they don't have any better idea than the beekeepers.
The website
Bees are bought and sold worldwide.
((snip))
Exotic bees are transported to strange countries and causing problems in the natural environment by spreading disease. They are subsequently treated as feral and nests are destroyed by pouring petrol in hives or bees killed by spraying with liquid soap.
These paragraphs are misleading, since they seems to imply that bees are often sent across national boundaries. In actuality, most countries have strict laws which either regulate or completely restrict the shipment of bees across a border.
The reason these laws were put into place was the problem of African bees. The website mentioned this a bit further down, in the context of beekeepers in South America. African bees are hardier than European bees, so beekeepers, particularly in more northern areas, were buying African bee colonies hoping they would be better able to survive the winter. African bee colonies are much more aggressive than a European hive, however, and so if a beekeeper was unable to control a hive and it swarmed then it would cause much more of a problem in a residential neighborhood than a European hive would.
That's why those reports of "killer bees" came out on the news in the early to mid 90s - those were African bee colonies that had swarmed.
Now, particularly since the advent of problems with the extremely deadly (to bees) varoa mite, much, much more strict laws have been passed regarding import/export and transportation of bees.
Moreover, as for killing a hive with gasoline or liquid soap...no beekeeper I know would ever advocate that. That's a problem with idiots who have no idea how to handle bees. Beekeepers do their best to
capture colonies, not kill them.
The website
Transportation means bees may suffer stress, suffocation, overheating or cold. Many die entombed in their packaged coffins.
They may, it's true. Transportation companies do their best to avoid this, though. Beekeepers who purchase colonies want strong hives, and they aren't willing to pay for colonies where a solid percentage of the bees don't survive transit.
And "entombed in their packaged coffins"...? Usually they're shipped in containers with two wooden sides, a wooden top, and a wooden bottom, with the two largest sides being wire mesh just small enough that a bee can't get stuck in it (so, plenty large enough to let air through).
The website
Unfortunately, the African honeybees escaped. Thousands of hives of Africanised bees are now destroyed each year in the USA because they have been breeding with and destroying the more docile European honeybees, and they have stung and killed over 600 people.
And anyway, I'm not sure what this has to do with buying or not buying honey.
The website
In many countries bees' services are bought for pollination purposes resulting in the bees (and their hives) being transported hundreds or thousands of miles.
Yes, this is true.
But...the logical thing to do would be to not by the vegetable products that are made this way.
The website
Pollination fees are a very important component of the commercial beekeepers income.
They imply this is true of all beekeepers. In actuality, the group of beekeepers who transport their hives regularly is not very large.
Moreover, I've seen at least one documentary which deals with this issue of transporting hives. The way it works is like this:
The bees are loaded onto a truck during dusk when the bees are all in their hive and back from foraging. They're driven to the new location and unloaded right before dawn, so when the bees emerge they're in their new spot. They're there for a few weeks while the local growth flowers, and then shipped to the next location. In other words, they follow the flowering of the plants (usually northward). This actually turns out to be way more efficient for the bees, because they're constantly in an area where flowering plants are abundant.
The website
Bees are also victims of vivisection and a vast number of experiments are carried out worldwide on these creatures. ((snip)) Many experiments are conducted for research and development into colonies that will produce more honey and thus make more money.
I don't really know of any such studies (at least, not that harm the bees in any way) so I can't really comment. The "experiments" I know involve things like painting the hive different colors to protect the hive from too much heat during the summer, placing dividers in the hive to encourage more efficient wax building, using plastic base-boards instead of wax baseboards, and other things that the bees probably don't even notice.
The website
In Japan they have irradiated bees to make their sting ineffective in an effort to achieve a 'stingless' bee for easier handling and in Australia trials are being undertaken on a protein in bee venom to treat cancer.
Wouldn't they be doing these things even if bees didn't produce any honey?
The website
However, people with asthma or allergies have been strongly recommended not to take honey or royal jelly after several deaths and severe illnesses.
Okay, this is now totally off the topic as to whether or not people should buy honey or bee products, but I'm going to respond to some of these anyway.
People with
strong allergies of course should not eat honey, because obviously some of the pollen is going to get into the honey! That's also why people with only slight allergies or no allergies are encouraged to eat honey, because the honey also contains products to help prevent allergies towards those specific pollens from getting worse.
The website
Honey is also not suitable for children under twelve months of age because of the risk of botulism.
The risk is eliminated when dealing with pasteurized honey. Check the label.
Of course, with pasteurized honey, you get less of the benefits of raw honey (re: preventing allergies) so it depends on whether you plan to feed the honey to an infant or not.
The website
Bees have been seen drinking from sewage plants and have been known to collect tar, adhesives and paint instead of propolis.
And the beekeeper should be notified right away that it isn't a safe place to be raising beehives. Then again, most beekeepers have their hives in rural areas and if they suspect that their bees are going to a dangerous area nearby, they give the bees something much more yummy nearby. Bees don't fly two miles when they have flowering clover, bergamot, or black locust right by the hives.
The website
Royal Jelly
((snip))
Details of methods of collection are a closely guarded secret.
So closely guarded that you have to read a book to find out how to do it.
And blech. Blech, blech, blech. I have
never heard of anyone collecting bee venom, since when a honey bee stings the bee
dies.
If I ever found out that any beekeeper was collecting venom, I would certainly boycott that beekeeper's products.