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Weapon Name- M12A1
Round Type- 6.5mm Caseless
Over-all length- 34 inches, 30 inches, 23.5 inches
Barrel length- 24 inches, 20 inches, 13.5 inches
Weight- 7.9 lb, 7.5 lb, 6.5 lb
Rate of Fire- 600 RPM
Feed Mechanism- Detachable Box Magazine
Round Capacity- 30, 60, 100 Drum
Effective Range- 600 meters
Range- 1300 meters
Accuracy- 1 MOA
Accessories- Picatinny Rails
Quick switch firing mechanism- N/A
Scope/Sights- Picatinny Rails, 4 x 32 Infrared-scope
Muzzle Velocity- 850 m/s, 840 m/s, 750 m/s
Firing System- Long stroke gas piston caseless
Miscellaneous/electronic information- The weapon is essentially based on the Tavor assault rifle, however it is chambered in the 6.5mm Caseless round similar to the LSAT program and has slightly different external ergonomics, designed to reduce the weight.





The weapon is externally based on the Tavor assault rifle, however it is chambered in the 6.5mm Caseless round similar to the LSAT program and internally based on it's firing mechanism. In addition, it utilizes a similar counter balancing system to the AEK-971, which helps substantially reduce the recoil of the weapon and dramatically increase the accuracy of repeated follow up shots. This helpful when firing the more powerful 6.5mm round, which is roughly as powerful as a 7.62mm NATO cartridge.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEK-971

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DSfc1XWW0AAT0iy.jpg

Weapon Name- M330A / M330B
Round Type- .338 Lapua Caseless
Over-all length- 41.5 inches, 38 inches,
Barrel length- 27.5 inches, 24 inches
Weight- 23.5 lb, 22 lb
Rate of Fire- 600 RPM
Feed Mechanism- Belt Fed
Round Capacity- Belt Fed
Effective Range- 1100 meters
Range- 1800 meters
Accuracy- 1 MOA, .8 MOA
Accessories- Picatinny Rails
Quick switch firing mechanism- N/A
Scope/Sights- Picatinny Rails, 10 x 42 Infrared-scope
Muzzle Velocity- 940 m/s (16.2 grams)
Firing System- Long stroke gas piston caseless
Miscellaneous/electronic information- The weapon is essentially based on the Lightweight Medium Machine Gun chambered in .338, combining features of the caseless LSAT.





The LWMMG is designed to fill the gap between 7.62 mm NATO and .50 BMG machine guns. The weapon uses the .338 Lapua Magnum round, giving it greater lethality and double the range of the 7.62 NATO round. This is in contrast to the original LWMMG which utilized the .338 Norma, which was utilized because the case shape allowed the weapon to be more ideally fed in automatic weapons. Because of the use of caseless variants of the .338 lapua, the .338 lapua's shape has been changed to more ideally feed in to machine guns, and thus this discrepancy is no longer a major factor in the weapon choice. Being a more commonly used cartridge and more powerful, the .338 Lapua, which is very similar in performance to the .338 Norma, was chosen instead. The LWMMG has a rate of fire of 500 rounds per minute, an effective range of 1,700 meters (1,860 yards), and a maximum range of 5,642 meters (6,170 yards), although practical purposes restrict the weapon to under 2500 meters. It weighs 20.5 pounds, making it only slightly heavier than the M240L, and 3 lb (1.4 kg) lighter than the M240B. The .338 Lapua bullet has approximately 7,100 joules (5,260 ft·lb) of muzzle energy and is twice as powerful as the 7.62mm NATO at the muzzle, and four times more powerful than at 1,000 meters. The purpose of the weapon is to provide the same long range target acquisition and antipersonnel capabilities of the .50 caliber machine gun, while still being practical usable by infantry units. As the combined weight of the weapon and ammunition of a .50 caliber machine gun is far too heavy for an average infantry team to carry (a .50 caliber machine gun being 80 pounds alone, and the ammunition approximately 3 times heavier), soldiers have had no middle ground between the .50 caliber machine gun and 7.62mm nato. The .338 lapua has almost the same range as the .50 caliber round (against soft targets), despite being substantially smaller, lighter, and with less recoil, allowing it to be used in smaller weapons. The .338 lapua machine gun can also be fired at the shoulder, making it usable by only one soldier and when not set up on a tripod (unlike the .50 caliber machine gun). The weapon is housed in a smaller, bullpup frame, similar to the M60 in appearance, which gives it a shorter overall length, reducing the length by nearly 7 inches and shifting the weight to the back.

An individual .338 Lapua caseless round is about 1.5 times as heavy as the .308 (21.8 grams compared to 14.3 grams), however each belt link is roughly twice as heavy due to the larger size (1 grams compared to 2 grams). A belt of 500 rounds would be approximately 26 pounds, compared to 17 pounds for the 7.62mm NATO. While certainly heavier than many comparative caseless rounds, it is substantially lighter than it's non-caseless variants. When comparing caseless rounds to the non caseless variants, an individual round is roughly twice as heavy (45.5 grams compared to 24 grams for the .308 ), as are each belt link (8 grams compared to 4 grams), with a belt of 500 .338NM rounds would weigh 37.6 kg (83 lb), while a belt of 800 7.62 NATO rounds would weigh 34.4 kg (76 lb). It's clear the caseless rounds allow for substantially larger round counts, or lighter carry loads. The .338 Lapua's ballistics] allow it a much farther engagement distance than a standard 7.62mm NATO round, breaking the sound barrier at 1900 yards, and possessing 1000 joules at 2000 yards, and 500 joules at 4000 yards. The round is also able to penetrate lightly armored vehicles that the 7.62mm NATO is not, as well as standard body armor worn by soldier, out to 1100 yards.

The LWMMG is seen as a bridge between 7.62 NATO and .50 BMG machine guns. While the M240 has an effective range of 1,100 m, the LWMMG fires a 300 gr (19 g) .338 bullet that can provide effective and accurate fire out to 1,700 m. General Dynamics officials say their machine gun is not meant to be a replacement for the M240, but to give the ability to put effective fire on targets at extended ranges. The LWMMG can be mounted on an M240 mount and has a similar cost, which makes it capable of being used in this role when needed. The gun's short recoil operating system causes the barrel to reciprocate, similar to the M2 machine gun. This combined with a gas system to minimize recoil balances positive and negative recoil forces, allowing a gunner to fire a round with significantly greater energy but with the recoil profile similar to a 7.62 mm round from an M240. The LWMMG is operated by a gas-operated, long-stroke piston with a rotating bolt located under the barrel and fires from an open bolt. It uses “Short Recoil Impulse Averaging” technology, patented by General Dynamics and previously used on their XM806 machine gun, where the entire barrel, barrel extension, gas system, and bolt assembly recoil inside the outer housing. The LWMMG is equipped with a quick-change barrel, quad picatinny rails, collapsible stock, and can be used by dismounted troops or mounted on a platform.

While the .50 caliber machine gun is more powerful, it is impossible for an average weapons team or infantry machine gunner to utilize one, being a nearly 300 pound package, compared to 100 pounds for the .338 lapua machine gun. Furthermore the .50 caliber machine gun must be set up on a tripod to fire and cannot be easily carried or used by a single soldier, meaning that in an emergency it must be abandoned rather than double as a squad automatic weapon (SAW). The lack of versatility and extreme weight makes the .50 caliber round unviable, while the short range of the M240 makes the squad vulnerable to enemy fire beyond 850 meters. This makes the far more accurate and aerodynamically efficient .338 Lapua an effective midrange option, lacking the power of the .50 caliber round, but still being powerful enough for anti personnel purposes, not only having more than enough stopping power against human targets, but also capable of penetrating body armor and lightly armored vehicles at a distance.

General Dynamics first realized the capability gap being experienced by U.S. forces in Afghanistan around 2010. In many cases, troops were on low ground and being engaged by PKM machine gun fire from the high ground, forcing them to return fire from where they were instead of being able to seek a better position. The M2 .50-caliber machine gun is too heavy for use by dismounted patrols, and rounds from an M240 begin to drift off target at 800 meters, especially when shooting upwards. At closer ranges, an M240 is accurate but does not have enough penetrating power against hard structures. The Precision Sniper Rifle competition going on at that time also showed the U.S. military was interested in infantry weapons with a 1,500-meter range. At 1,000 yd (914 m), the 7.62 NATO's velocity drops to about 1,000 ft/s (300 m/s); at that range, the .338 LM travels at 2,000 ft/s (610 m/s) and out to 1,100 yd (1,006 m), the round is capable of defeating Level III armor. A machine gun was then designed around the concept with Short Recoil Impulse Averaging technology, uses available subsystem components to keep cost down, and has a broad view 6-power scope to enable point target engagement out to 1,000-1,200 meters

An improved LWMMG was displayed at AUSA 2014 with its weight decreased to 22 lb (10.0 kg). Previously, the gun underwent a firing demonstration with special operations elements at Camp Roberts, California. When firing from a bipod, the gunners were able to fire directly and hit targets as far out as 1,950 m (2,133 yd). At that range, a .50 caliber machine gun is designed to be an area weapon and could only fire accurately with single shots, while the LWMMG can maintain accurate automatic fire beyond what the .50 Cal is capable of. This showed the weapon's significance of hitting targets at longer ranges than what an M240 can do that would require the use of a vehicle-mounted .50 caliber weapon. A demonstration firing of the LWMMG is expected to take place in late October at Fort Benning, Georgia. All variants of the weapon can also fire an explosive variant of the .338 lapua, which while possessing less kinetic energy than the .50 cal, allows it to penetrate the same barriers and deliver roughly the same damage as a standard .50 caliber round.

Weapon Name- M328 Stacked munitions launcher
Round Type- 25mm Caseless Grenade
Over-all length- 30 inches
Barrel length- 18 inches
Weight- 3.5 lb
Rate of Fire- 600 RPM
Feed Mechanism- Radially stacked tubed fed
Round Capacity- 4
Effective Range- 500 meters
Range- 1000 meters
Accuracy- 2 MOA
Accessories- Picatinny Rails
Quick switch firing mechanism- N/A
Scope/Sights- Picatinny Rails, 10 x 42 Infrared-scope
Muzzle Velocity- 250 m/s (140 grams),
Firing System- Long stroke gas piston caseless
Miscellaneous/electronic information- The weapon is essentially based on the metal storm grenade launcher, but is designed to use 25mm grenades, and is placed on top of the weapon instead of under to give the barrel a longer length, and thus increase the capacity of the firearm.




The weapon is essentially based on the metal storm grenade launcher, but is designed to use 25mm grenades, and is placed on top of the weapon instead of under to give the barrel a longer length, and thus increase the capacity of the firearm.

Cartridge types
The 6.5mm round is extremely powerful for it's size, having a 9.7 gram bullet and 2.75 grams of propellant, giving it a weight of 12.5 grams per round, or approximately the same weight as a 5.56mm cartridge. Being a caseless round, it is nearly half the weight of a similar cartridge, such as the 7.62mm NATO round, which is 25.5 grams. The round is also extremely accurate and has very good aerodynamics, with a maximum effective range of approximately 1800 yards. At 850 m/s, the round generates approximately 3500 joules, and at 600 yards has x joules, 1000 yards x joules, and 500 joules at 1800 yards. The round has a G1 BC of .71, roughly twice that of the 7.62mm NATO at .35 BC, and over three times that of the 5.56mm at .2 BC. This gives it incredible long range performance, and gives it roughly double the range of the 7.62mm NATO, allowing the soldiers to engage targets far beyond the normal distance of the round. It also provides a flatter trajectory, making it more intuitive and easy for soldiers to aim at close ranges, with the round only dropping x inches at 600 yards, in comparison to the 5.56mm at x and 7.62mm NATO at x. The recoil is reduced in part due to it being caseless, however the operating mechanism, recoil buffer and muzzle break reduce the recoil somewhat, with the muzzle break reducing the recoil by 30%, and the recoil buffer another 30%, reducing the recoil by more than half. This makes it easily controllable in rapid fire, possessing only slightly more recoil than a standard 5.56mm. As a result of it's weight, it has become the new standard cartridge of Manoka, easily replacing the 5.56mm and bringing back the standard battle rifle. Used in both the primary machine gun and assault rifle, 300 rounds weighs approximately 9-10 pounds in the belt fed or magazine configuration, which is far below most battle rifle weights. This allows more ammunition to be carried in combat, which increases the soldier's effectiveness.

The LSAT machine gun is a mere 14 pounds in comparison to the M240 at 27.5 pounds, and has ammunition that is half the weight. As a result, a standard combat pack of approximately 50 pounds can carry the gun (14 pounds) and 1200 rounds of ammunition (36 pounds), in comparison to a standard M240 gunner at approximately 400 rounds for the same weight. Due to the weight and maneuverability of the LSAT machine gun it is capable of being used in close quarters combat, and has replaced the M249 which is 17 pounds, and uses ammunition of approximately the same weight. This gives a massive firepower increase to the squad, due to the power of the round and it's incredible range, which is roughly double that of even the 7.62mm NATO cartridge. In replace of the M240 is the .338 Lapua M330A, which is a mere 22-24 pounds, and uses a slightly lower ammunition weight at 21.5 grams, but is twice as powerful as the 7.62mm NATO cartridge and has approximately three times the range, roughly on par with a .50 caliber round. This gives it incredible long range capabilities, making it particularly useful in mountain or desert environments, and also gives it good barrier penetration, penetrating through level III body armor at 1100 meters. The M13 marksmen rifle shares the same qualities, but is lighter weight and has a lower rate of fire.

The Manokan military also uses caseless 25mm grenades, which are approximately 140 grams each, which is much less than the 225 grams of the standard 40mm grenade. With an effective range of 500-700 meters and a maximum range of 1000 meters, it far exceeds the 40mm at 150 and 400 meters respectively. The round is roughly as powerful but is more aerodynamic and has a higher velocity, giving it a longer range. It also possesses air-bursting capabilities, which enhances it's lethality by nearly 300% and allows it to more easily defeat entrenched enemies by detonating the round in more ideal locations. Enemies hidden behind covers or inside buildings can now be targeted more effectively, enhancing it's lethality. Smoke, flashbang, tear gas, door breaching and other munitions exist as well, giving it far greater versatility. The round can also easily penetrate 2 inches of hardened steel, giving it the ability to defeat most light APC's and other armored vehicles. The M228 grenade launcher is a mere 1.3 pounds, being made of a lightweight polymer, and the M328 is 3 pounds, in comparison to the M203 grenade launcher at approximately 3.5 pounds. In comparison the grenade launcher is substantially lighter weight and has a long range, and the M328 can hold up to 4 rounds, allowing it to fire substantially faster at the target or switch rounds quickly (such as from a door breaching to a flashbang round).

When used in tandem with the automatic high-velocity 25mm grenade launcher, .50 caliber caseless round and 30mm AGS, these weapons provide an incredible firepower increase for the average riflemen squad. Nearly every soldier in the squad has a battle rifle and grenade launcher, and 1 out of every 4 soldiers has the equivalent of a general purpose machine gun. The 25mm high velocity grenades can penetrate through most APC's and when using saboted rounds can provide armor piercing kinetic energy rounds with an extremely long range, while 30mm AGS grenade rounds can provide air bursting or armor piercing grenades at a much lower velocity, but with heavier 275 gram grenades, compared to 140 gram grenades for the 25mm. The .50 caliber round is approximately 45 grams, achieving a velocity of 940 m/s and generating approximately 20,000 joules, allowing it to easily penetrate through light armor or barriers, and with the high explosive round can defeat most APC's.

The average soldier carries approximately 31.5-45 pounds of gear for their weapon and ammunition, but certain units can carry more, particularly when using the HULC exoskeleton, which allows up to 150 pounds of extra equipment to be carried. Typically due to the poor maneuverability of the HULC exoskeleton it is reserved for heavy weapons crews, who benefit from the added strength it provides them when carrying heavy weights. With a 32.5 pound load-out, the average soldier with a rifle and grenade launcher carries the gun (7.5 pounds), grenade launcher (1.3 pounds), scope (1.5 pounds), 390 rounds of ammunition (13 pounds), and 30 HE grenades (9.2 pounds), along with a small number of specialty grenades, mostly smoke, tear gas and door breaching rounds. The average LSAT machine gunner with a 32.5 pound load-out carries a machine gun (14 pounds), scope (1.5 pounds), and 600 rounds of ammunition (17 pounds), or 1200 rounds with a 50 pound carry load (34 pounds of ammunition), occasionally with an assistant gunner who carries an additional 300-1000 rounds of ammunition. The average .338 Lapua machine gunner has a 50 pound pack, carrying a 22 pound machine gun and 550 rounds of ammunition, occasionally with an assistant gunner carrying an additional 550 rounds of ammunition. The average M13 marksmen with a 31.5 pound pack carries approximately 320 rounds of ammunition. Finally, a heavy grenadier with a M328 and 50 pounds of equipment carries approximately 80 HE grenades (25 pounds), a rifle (7.5 pounds), scope (1.5 pounds), grenade launcher (3 pounds) and 390 rounds of ammunition (13 pounds).



Thermal Vision Scope
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