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Posted: Tue May 31, 2011 5:31 am
Oookay.... Since I've been stalling on doing this so long, and my vacation time is almost up, I decided that now's a good time to finally talk you through the world of smoking. I'm sure you've seen all the ads with the government warning, surgeon general's warning, and all of that hoo-ha. However, have you ever given it all any thought? Well, if all that you think about the stuff that says cigarette smoking is all a lot of mumbo-jumbo, I might as well try and make all that mumbo-jumbo sound more meaningful and realistic, ne? So sit back, relax, pop up some tune that won't want to leave your head and I'll guide you through all of the nitty gritty stuff.
*Note: I won't be mincing words and links I'll be posting may contain graphic images not suitable for general audience. Parental...erm.... Okay, in short; this is a warning that the links I am going to post won't be pretty. I'll warn you beforehand so you could brace/avert yourself.
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Posted: Tue May 31, 2011 5:43 am
Before I begin, I'd like to recommend some music to be playing in the background as you read this. As much as possible, make sure you can't get the song out of your head, so all of this sticks, please~? Song 1Song 2Song 3Song 4Song 5Now then, if you're comfortable with your chosen music, then off we go into this magical tale~! ...if you can call it magical that is sweatdrop
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Posted: Tue May 31, 2011 5:56 am
So let's go into the thick of it. I would like to introduce you all to a very special guest of mine. Please, sport a smile and give a round of applause to my good friend...erm.... <.< Umm.... BOB! Say hello to the crowd Bob! ...Uhh...you can't, Bob? Aww...too bad.... I forgot that we had to make an opening in your neck so we can push air in directly into your respiratory system. Whoops.... Umm...excuse the technical difficulty. Now then, let me tell you Bob's story. Bob is a smoker. No, not that Smoker. He's a smoker, who had one too many cigarettes and stuff. He really looks bad, eh? Well, I could've shown a photo of him that's worse...and for those who would want to see the worse one and all that little text on the side, I'd like to direct your attention to this next link I will post. However, This link contains a more up close and graphic look of him. You have been warned. Okay, so now that I've shown you Bob, you might be thinking "There's no way that I'm gonna look like that! How the heck can any of this be caused by smoking?!" Yeah...at first I was also like that. What's the whole connection of smoking and osteoperosis, hearing loss, and all that other s...stuff...to smoking? Well, allow me to show you the science behind it. (And yes, I'm doing this because I care and I have the passion FOR SCIENCE AND MED|CINE! *points finger up into the air*. I feel really obliged to share this with all of you.)
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Posted: Tue May 31, 2011 6:43 am
To make it interesting, I'll show you first why smoking really something that can make you feel good and such. Well, it's down to the substance in it called nicotine. Nicotine is a very interesting chemical because this little sucker affects the nervous system. How it does so is the fun part. The nervous system...it's simplified in this link. If you're familiar with it, then I'm sure the nostalgia will hit you really nice. Now then, once you've heard that jingle, time for me to explain the parts we wanna know. First off, yes, the whole thing works on electricity. Interesting, right? How it works is by the use of the electrolytes of sodium and potassium. The exchange of these two electrolytes allow for the "current" to be made. Now the way the body makes sure the "electrical signal" is made just so that the part you want to move (like your eyeballs as you follow this long winded sentence over that white background of yours on your monitor while that song you chose is still playing....by the way, I hope you keep that song playing now ^^)...the whole way the body makes sure of it is by the use of "gates". These gates utilize their own signals that dictate when they must allow the current to be made. Where does nicotine come in, you ask? Well, the gates of the neuron (the cell of the nervous system) that sends the info to the neuron next in line, and even the neuron that sends the signal to your skeletal muscles (the muscles under your control) actually can be coaxed into action by nicotine. Now that's just half of the feel-good puzzle. The second half is in the brain. The brain has this little chemical, that when release, will give you that oh so nice feeling...like after doing something good like...eating. *shrugs* Use your imagination, but just don't tell me. Nicotine is such a nice fit in where that chemical should be at to make you feel good. So yeah, you get to feel good. That's the other half. This also has the effect of keeping you alert, by also causing the release of chemicals that keeps you alert. The reason? The gate required for them is the same gate that I'm talking about, which nicotine fits into like a charm.
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Posted: Tue May 31, 2011 6:50 am
So...cigarette smoking doesn't seem like a bag thing then? Erm...no.... Because cigarettes contain more than 200 other chemicals in them...and those chemicals are...really bad. Nicotine in itself is bad too now actually.
First up on the spotlight is our good friend nicotine! The icky part about him is that if nicotine stays around a lot in your body, then what's the use of creating the other chemicals that nicotine can mimic? No muss and fuss necessary, that's what your body says. In that sense, it STOPS making those chemicals...which causes you to really crave for that stuff...because your body is lazy and just wants to use that from now on. Addiction is the name of the game here. And it's not a mind over matter thing either; if you suddenly stop smoking, you CAN kill yourself! S'why you have to slowly cut back on the smoke when you want to call it quits.
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Posted: Tue May 31, 2011 6:53 am
So now we got that bad boy out of the way, let's move on. This time around, I'll get help from Bob again. Bow for the audience Bob! ...Wait.... I forgot that you lost a foot.... If you bow now...you'd fall down.... Whoops.... So how does the rest of this happen then if this isn't caused by nicotine? Well, remember the 200 OTHER chemicals I talked about? They're all carcinogens. Lemmie guess, you keep hearing about carcinogens and the first thing that pops into your mind is cancer, eh? Well, you're not entirely wrong there, however you're not entirely right. Carcinogens are named because these things cause mutations. They're stuff that SHOULDN'T be in the body that can damage cells at the cellular and the genetic level (yes, they can alter your DNA!). What this translates to is that your cells would be hurt and your body would do all its best to try and repair all of that, and destroy what it can't fix. The first thing I wanna tell you is at the mouth. Smoke goes in the mouth. Mouth shouldn't have smoke in there. The carcinogens in there would start causing damage to the cells in your mouth, and would force them to try and adapt if it keeps on going on (like you smoking every day/ a lot/ both). These adaptations would ultimately cause them to change their look in the mouth (s'why a smoker's mouth would actually look different under a microscope...and someone really into smoking would actually have a visible change in the mouth). Once this goes on, the forced adaptation would become too much and force itself to really REALLY change itself. And thus, you have cancer in the mouth (cancer of the oral mucosa actually). Now then, our good friend the lungs. The lung's cells are a very very delicate piece of work. Even the airways are delicate too, you know? You think those 200 chemicals can't reach there? Oh, they do. They really do...and the bad part about it, is that the sensitive airways and lungs take a HUGE BEATING because of that little cigarette. Now let me show you the ways. The airways require a special kind of cell that would release some lubricant to keep the whole lung moist and damp, so that the dry air (air is always too dry, even when humidified) won't cause that much problems in the lungs. Yay! But you take a smoke. These sensitive cells can't handle smoke too well (if you've have had asthma, you KNOW what I mean). So what do they do? They try and adapt by changing the whole make-up of the cell. Now the cells can survive your daily routine of torturing them with a cigarette every day. Yay! ...but this leaves a problem...they don't produce lubricant anymore.... These adapted cell are UNABLE to produce the special thing...so you'd be breathing dry air every time. ...Yay? Nope...that's bad. What about your lungs? Well, your lungs are really actually giant sponges (I know. They're squishy, and they make cute sounds when you squeeze them. <3 Oh, and did I mention that they DO act like sponges by...absorbing iquids if you place them in there. You can actually get the liquid out by squeezing the cute little...okay, don't look at me like that <.<). That being said, they're sensitive sponges made of delicate little cells. These cells are very thin, so they can do the job of bring oxygen into your blood and carbon dioxide out. Neat, right? They've very very small and delicate cells. Delicate cells that make a lubricant called surfactant that keeps the whole lung all poofy so you can breathe good. Yay! Now let's add that cigarette and see what happens. Well, the smoke would cause them to be damaged. Unfortunately these cells don't adapt well so they have to be removed. However, there's another kind of cell that can change its whole being to replace these cells. Yay! Sadly, there's not a lot of these cells around. Aww.... So the more you smoke, the more damage you do to the good little cells. Soon you're going to overwhelm the other kind of cell, causing it to be mutated and be that thing we like to call cancer. As an added bonus, we'll throw in blood into your lungs, so please smoke today! ...Erm, not really blood but the plasma. You see, the surfactant made by the special lung cells also keeps the pressure balance between the lungs and the capillaries in good working order. If it's gone, there's less pressure from the lungs...so the plasma...the liquid part of the blood...it can easily enter the lungs, which is also a big no-no for the cells of the lungs, causing more damage and more mutations. And did I forget to mention that you can't transfer more oxygen and carbon dioxide? I didn't? Well, there you go...which means you'd tire out more and be more out of breath. So a recap for the lungs. Smoking can...WILL cause damage to your lungs and airways. The damage would create less surfactant, which would allow fluid into the lungs. The carcinogens in the smoke would care changes and mutations in the airway and lungs, creating cancer and making it even harder to breathe well. You would also be breathing in dry air, which further damages the lungs. And all of that from a cigarette.
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Posted: Tue May 31, 2011 4:01 pm
So, the lungs seem to have taken the brunt of it. What about the rest of the body? Well, I'd like to tell you that these chemicals WILL enter your blood stream. Here's the problem with that; the blood stream has a lot of cells in there. A whole of of chances for trouble...and boy they DO cause a WHOLE LOT of trouble.
I'm sure you remember stuff about HDL, the good cholesterol, and LDL, the bad cholesterol, right? Time for me me to explain that to ya. Both of them are molecules that transport cholesterol inside your body. Why does cholesterol need something to transport it around? Well, you're blood is mostly liquid, which in its essence is water...and if you remember your science experiments back in grade school (or ever wash pots and pans), water and oil do not mix. Cholesterol is a fat, and oil is also a fat. So, cholesterol if it isn't inside a container while it travels through your blood...well, it won't travel far and it would have a hard time to get it around. Now the difference between High Density Lipoprotein and Low density Lipoprotein is that HDL brings the fats TO your Liver, where it's all broken up and made into useful stuff. LDL brings the fats AWAY from your liver, to your muscles, fat cells so they can be utilized or stored. So why is LDL bad? Because...it's delicate. It can easily be attacked by carcinogens and be altered. (remeber the 200 carcinogens you have in a SINGLE cigarette?) Not only will it be floating around indefinitely in your blood, but the white blood cells that would destroy it will be come HUGE! (huge for a cell that is) And since these white blood cells have to cross teeny tiny spaces in your blood stream to go out into the body itself...you can see the problem there. It's like pushing a giant balloon full of soda through a small door, which can easily burst. And bursts it does. When the white blood cell bursts in an area, it causes damage to the blood vessel wall, and starts a plaque buildup. More white blood vessels go in and try to fix this, however some would also be huge and pop on it. Include some platelets and you've got the makings of a plaque in your blood stream.
Now that's take care of...lemmie explain it further then. This plaque (we call it an artherosclerotic plaque) is exposed to a strong current of blood. (Imagine your blood pressure. it's in mmHg, right? 51.7 mmHg is equal to 1 psi of pressure. Think how powerful it is if you're microscopic). Bits would come off. They'll flow around your body until they get stuck. The problem is that the blood vessels in your fingers and toes are very very tiny, so if they get clogged up, no blood would flow in. The cells, and then the tissue would die out. Your finger/toe would slowly turn blue, and then black, which by the way you won't feel anymore. It has become dead, and that dead thing would now endanger your whole body. If your finger/toe isn't removed, it can spread to your hands/feet...and then I'll have to be there with a bone saw and cut it out. You do NOT want ME to be there with a BONE SAW to CUT IT OUT. An interesting twist to this tale; your heart is fed by small vessels also. It's quite paradoxial, ne? Yeah, but it's true; the heart does not feed off the large volume of blood that it pumps, rather it is fed by a small network of vessels that are wrapped around it. Your little plaque can cause trouble there. Clog a vessel there, and your hurt the heart. Hurt the heart, and you hurt your whole body. If your heart dies, you die. Any questions?
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Posted: Tue May 31, 2011 4:16 pm
And into the home stretch! I hope you've been very attentive students now. If not...well, I do have a spare amount of syringes and scalpels to throw....
Ahem. Well now let's get back to those 200 nifty little carcinogens that you brought into your body because you decided to get a smoke. Those little buggers like to travel around, and cause mayhem with all your cells. Smoking will make you older. That's a fact. The carcinogens in cigarettes damage the DNA. DNA damage is what contributes to aging. Our whole body is constantly doing its best to repair the damage to our DNA, but in the end we all will become old, because DNA will always end up taking damage. The sun, even breathing causes some damage. However, smoking will cause your aging to ACCELERATE. The 200 carcinogens would cause more damage per cigarette than the sun and breathing can do in a WEEK. This would cause the wrinkling of your skin and other premature signs of aging.
Smoking makes you full. Nicotine and other chemicals in smoke tricks the brain's fullness center. This would cause you to not really feel that much hunger...at a cost. These chemicals would increase the acidity of your digestive system, causing ulcers in your stomach and intestines. Worst of all is that it can cause cancer in the digestive system.
The damage to your DNA is widespread in your body. More DNA damage equals a greater risk for cancer and other diseases.
There is truth when we say that you're slowly killing yourself by smoking a cigarette.
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Posted: Tue May 31, 2011 4:21 pm
Wow! Did I sound really somber there or what! Sorry about that, had to drive home the message.
There is hope though! Right now, if you quit smoking, in about 7 years time, your risk for cancer would be the same as if you didn't smoke. Why? Well, it takes 7 years for the cancer to grow until we can notice it and take action. It's sadly a small window for us to detect it, but if you last more than 7 years after quitting and you've gotten no cancer, you're home free! As an added benefit, your body slowly recovers, increasing the amount of years you can have to live.
So that's basically it. The nitty gritty of the government and surgeon general's warnings on cigarette smoking. I hope you enjoyed this lecture. Please feel free to ask questions now if you need any clarifications. I tried to explain all of this in as much a lay man's way as possible so hopefully you'd all understand it ^^.
And yes, I decided not to add more graphic links. If you want to see the effects, go ahead and look. However, be careful now. Those are really icky pictures.
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