Mesopotamia encompasses Mesopotamian, Babylonian, Assyrian and Sumerian deities.
There isn't a flood of knowledge on ancient Mesopotamia, at least not when compared to ancient Egypt and Roman cultures. Some of this information takes a lot of research as well. Below is a list of many deities from this part of the world but it by no means encompasses all of them. There is also a brief description for each too.
The list of names and some of the titles was taken from Wikipedia and then I made corrections to some of the descriptions.
Over time I will add more information about certain deities and others below from other sources that are not wikipedia but information that has been gathered from various sources.
Some of the more well-known Deities
Adad or Ishkur - god of storms, venerated as a supreme power especially in Syria and Lebanon
Anshur - head of the Assyrian pantheon, regarded as the equivalent of Enlil
Anu or An - god of heaven and the sky, lord of constellations, and father of the gods
Enki or Ea - god of the freshwater Abzu, crafts, water, intelligence, mischief and creation
Enlil - god of the wind and divine ruler of the Earth and its human inhabitants
Ereshkigal - goddess of Irkalla, the Underworld, possibly sister of Ishtar
Inanna - goddess of fertility, love, war, some consider her to be a mother goddess figure.
Ishtar - goddess of fertility, love, sex and war
Marduk - patron deity of Babylon who eventually became regarded as the head of the Babylonian pantheon
Nabu - god of wisdom and writing
Nanshe - goddess of social justice, prophecy, fertility and fishing
Nergal - god of plague, war, and the sun in its destructive capacity; later husband of Ereshkigal
Ninhursag - earth and mother goddess; also known as Mami, Belet-Ili, Ki, Ninmah, Nintu and Aruru
Ninlil - goddess of the air; consort of Enlil
Ninurta - champion of the gods, the epitome of youthful vigour, and god of agriculture
Shamash or Utu - god of the sun, arbiter of justice and patron of travellers
Sin or Nanna - god of the moon
Tammuz or Dumuzi - god of food and vegetation
More deities
Abu - a minor god of plants
Ama-arhus - Akkadian fertility goddess; later merged into Ninhursag
Amasagnul - Akkadian fertility goddess
Amathaunta - goddess of the ocean
Amurru - god of the Amorite people
An - a goddess, possibly the female principle of Anu
Asaruludu or Namshub - a protective deity
Ashnan - goddess of grain
Aya - a mother goddess and consort of Shamash
Azimua - a minor Sumerian goddess
Bau - dog-headed patron goddess of Lagash
Belet-Seri - recorder of the dead entering the underworld
Birdu - an underworld god; consort of Manungal and later syncretized with Nergal
Damgalnuna - mother of Marduk
Damu - god of vegetation and rebirth; possibly a local offshoot of Dumuzi
Druaga - an underworld god
Emesh - god of vegetation, created to take responsibility on earth for woods, fields, sheep folds, and stables
Enbilulu - god of rivers, canals, irrigation and farming
Endursaga - a herald god
Enkimdu - god of farming, canals and ditches
Enmesarra - an underworld god of the law, equated with Nergal
Ennugi - attendant and throne-bearer of Enlil
Enshag - a minor deity born to relieve the illness of Enki
Enten - god of vegetation, created to take responsibility on earth for the fertility of ewes, goats, cows, donkeys, birds
Erra - Akkadian god of mayhem and pestilence
Gaga - a minor deity featured in the Enûma Eliš
Gatumdag - a fertility goddess and tutelary mother goddess of Lagash
Geshtu-E - minor god of intelligence
Gibil or Gerra - god of fire
Gugalanna - the Great Bull of Heaven, the constellation Taurus and the first husband of Ereshkigal
Gunara - a minor god of uncertain status
Hahanu - a minor god of uncertain status
Hani - an attendant of the storm god Adad
Hayasum - a minor god of uncertain status
Hegir-Nuna - a daughter of the goddess Bau
Hendursaga - god of law
Ilabrat - attendant and minister of state to Anu
Ishum - brother of Shamash and attendant of Erra
Isimud - two-faced messenger of Enki
Ištaran - god of the city of Der (Sumer)
Kabta - god of pickaxes and the shaping of bricks
Kakka - attendant and minister of state to both Anu and Anshar
Kingu - consort of Tiamat; killed by Marduk, who used his blood to create mankind
Kubaba - tutelary goddess of the city of Carchemish
Kus (god) - god of herdsmen
Lahar - god of cattle
Lugal-Irra - possibly a minor variation of Erra
Lulal - the younger son of Inanna; patron god of Bad-tibira
Mamitu - goat-headed goddess of destiny, who decreed the fate of the new-borns
Manungal - an underworld goddess; consort of Birdu
Mammetun - Sumerian goddess of fate
Mandanu -god of divine judgment
Muati - obscure Sumerian god who became syncretized with Nabu
Mushdamma - god of buildings and foundations
Nammu - a creation goddess
Nanaya - goddess personifying voluptuousness and sensuality
Nazi - a minor deity born to relieve the illness of Enki
Negun - a minor goddess of uncertain status
Neti - a minor underworld god; the chief gatekeeper of the netherworld and the servant of Ereshkigal
Ngeshtin-ana - goddess of wine and cold seasons
Nibhaz - god of the Avim
Nidaba - goddess of writing, learning and the harvest
Namtar - minister of Ereshkigal
Nin-Ildu - god of carpenters
Nin-imma - goddess of the female sex organs
Ninazu - god of the underworld and healing
Nindub - god associated with the city Lagash
Ninegal - god of smiths
Ningal - goddess of reeds and consort of Nanna (Sin)
Ningikuga - goddess of reeds and marshes
Ningilin - obscure god of uncertain status
Ningirama - god of magic and protector against snakes
Ningishzida - god of nature, magic and is said to reside in the Underworld
Ninkarnunna - god of barbers
Ninkasi - goddess of beer
Ninkurra - minor mother goddess
Ninmena - Sumerian mother goddess who became syncretized with Ninhursag
Ninsar - goddess of plants
Ninshubur - Queen of the East, messenger goddess and second-in-command to Inanna
Ninsun - "Lady Wild Cow"; mother of Gilgamesh
Ninsutu - a minor deity born to relieve the illness of Enki
Nintinugga - Babylonian goddess of healing
Nintulla - a minor deity born to relieve the illness of Enki
Nu Mus Da - patron god of the lost city of Kazallu
Nunbarsegunu - goddess of barley
Nusku - god of light and fire
Pabilsaĝ - tutelary god of the city of Isin
Pap-nigin-gara - Akkadian and Babylonian god of war, syncretized with Ninurta
Papsukkal - Akkadian messenger god
Sarpanit - mother goddess and consort of Marduk
The Sebitti - a group of minor war gods
Shakka - patron god of herdsmen
Shala - goddess of war and grain
Shara - minor god of war and a son of Inanna
Sharra Itu - Sumerian fertility goddess
Shu-pa-e - astral and fertility god associated with the planet Jupiter
Shul-utula - personal deity to Entemena, king of the city of Eninnu
Shullat - minor god and attendant of Shamash
Shulmanu - god of the underworld, fertility and war
Shulsaga - astral goddess
Sirara - goddess of the Persian Gulf
Siris - goddess of beer
Sirsir - god of mariners and boatmen
Sirtir - goddess of sheep
Sumugan - god of the river plains
Tashmetum - consort of Nabu
Tishpak - tutelary god of the city of Eshnunna
Tutu - tutelary god of the city of Borsippa
Ua-Ildak - goddess responsible for pastures and poplar trees
Ukur - a god of the underworld
Uttu - goddess of weaving and clothing
Wer - a storm god linked to Adad
Zaqar - messenger of Sin who relays communication through dreams and nightmares
Primordial beings
Abzu - the Ocean Below, the name for fresh water from underground aquifers; depicted as a deity only in the Babylonian creation epic Enûma Eliš
Anshar - god of the sky and male principle
Kishar - goddess of the earth and female principle
Lahamu - first-born daughter of Abzu and Tiamat
Lahmu - first-born son of Abzu and Tiamat; a protective and beneficent deity
Mummu - god of crafts and technical skill
Tiamat - primordial goddess of the ocean
Demigods and heroes
Adapa - a hero who unknowingly refused the gift of immortality
The Apkallu - seven demigods created by the god Enki to give civilization to mankind
Enkidu - hero and companion of Gilgamesh
Enmerkar - the legendary builder of the city of Uruk
Gilgamesh - hero and king of Uruk; the Mesopotamian version of Noah.
Lugalbanda - second king of Uruk, who ruled for 1,200 years
Spirits and demons
Asag - monstrous demon whose presence makes fish boil alive in the rivers
The edimmu - ghosts of those who were not buried properly
Hanbi or Hanpa - father of Pazuzu
Humbaba - guardian of the Cedar Forest
Lamashtu - a malevolent being who menaced women during childbirth
Pazuzu - king of the demons of the wind; he also represented the southwestern wind, the bearer of storms and drought
Rabisu - an evil vampiric spirit
Zu - divine storm-bird and the personification of the southern wind and the thunder clouds
Legendary beasts
Battle Bison beast - one of the creatures slain by Ninurta
Edit: The following is a list of most of my references so I don't have to quote them again with each post.
Babylonian Creational Myths - Enuma Elish http://www.crystalinks.com/babyloniancreation.html
Jordon, Michael (1993). Encyclopedia of Gods: Over 2,500 Deities of the World. New York: Facts on File, Inc.. ISBN 978-0816029099.
Kramer, Samuel N. Sumerian Mythology: a Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium B.C. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998.
Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 19 Jul. 2011.
There isn't a flood of knowledge on ancient Mesopotamia, at least not when compared to ancient Egypt and Roman cultures. Some of this information takes a lot of research as well. Below is a list of many deities from this part of the world but it by no means encompasses all of them. There is also a brief description for each too.
The list of names and some of the titles was taken from Wikipedia and then I made corrections to some of the descriptions.
Over time I will add more information about certain deities and others below from other sources that are not wikipedia but information that has been gathered from various sources.
Some of the more well-known Deities
Adad or Ishkur - god of storms, venerated as a supreme power especially in Syria and Lebanon
Anshur - head of the Assyrian pantheon, regarded as the equivalent of Enlil
Anu or An - god of heaven and the sky, lord of constellations, and father of the gods
Enki or Ea - god of the freshwater Abzu, crafts, water, intelligence, mischief and creation
Enlil - god of the wind and divine ruler of the Earth and its human inhabitants
Ereshkigal - goddess of Irkalla, the Underworld, possibly sister of Ishtar
Inanna - goddess of fertility, love, war, some consider her to be a mother goddess figure.
Ishtar - goddess of fertility, love, sex and war
Marduk - patron deity of Babylon who eventually became regarded as the head of the Babylonian pantheon
Nabu - god of wisdom and writing
Nanshe - goddess of social justice, prophecy, fertility and fishing
Nergal - god of plague, war, and the sun in its destructive capacity; later husband of Ereshkigal
Ninhursag - earth and mother goddess; also known as Mami, Belet-Ili, Ki, Ninmah, Nintu and Aruru
Ninlil - goddess of the air; consort of Enlil
Ninurta - champion of the gods, the epitome of youthful vigour, and god of agriculture
Shamash or Utu - god of the sun, arbiter of justice and patron of travellers
Sin or Nanna - god of the moon
Tammuz or Dumuzi - god of food and vegetation
More deities
Abu - a minor god of plants
Ama-arhus - Akkadian fertility goddess; later merged into Ninhursag
Amasagnul - Akkadian fertility goddess
Amathaunta - goddess of the ocean
Amurru - god of the Amorite people
An - a goddess, possibly the female principle of Anu
Asaruludu or Namshub - a protective deity
Ashnan - goddess of grain
Aya - a mother goddess and consort of Shamash
Azimua - a minor Sumerian goddess
Bau - dog-headed patron goddess of Lagash
Belet-Seri - recorder of the dead entering the underworld
Birdu - an underworld god; consort of Manungal and later syncretized with Nergal
Damgalnuna - mother of Marduk
Damu - god of vegetation and rebirth; possibly a local offshoot of Dumuzi
Druaga - an underworld god
Emesh - god of vegetation, created to take responsibility on earth for woods, fields, sheep folds, and stables
Enbilulu - god of rivers, canals, irrigation and farming
Endursaga - a herald god
Enkimdu - god of farming, canals and ditches
Enmesarra - an underworld god of the law, equated with Nergal
Ennugi - attendant and throne-bearer of Enlil
Enshag - a minor deity born to relieve the illness of Enki
Enten - god of vegetation, created to take responsibility on earth for the fertility of ewes, goats, cows, donkeys, birds
Erra - Akkadian god of mayhem and pestilence
Gaga - a minor deity featured in the Enûma Eliš
Gatumdag - a fertility goddess and tutelary mother goddess of Lagash
Geshtu-E - minor god of intelligence
Gibil or Gerra - god of fire
Gugalanna - the Great Bull of Heaven, the constellation Taurus and the first husband of Ereshkigal
Gunara - a minor god of uncertain status
Hahanu - a minor god of uncertain status
Hani - an attendant of the storm god Adad
Hayasum - a minor god of uncertain status
Hegir-Nuna - a daughter of the goddess Bau
Hendursaga - god of law
Ilabrat - attendant and minister of state to Anu
Ishum - brother of Shamash and attendant of Erra
Isimud - two-faced messenger of Enki
Ištaran - god of the city of Der (Sumer)
Kabta - god of pickaxes and the shaping of bricks
Kakka - attendant and minister of state to both Anu and Anshar
Kingu - consort of Tiamat; killed by Marduk, who used his blood to create mankind
Kubaba - tutelary goddess of the city of Carchemish
Kus (god) - god of herdsmen
Lahar - god of cattle
Lugal-Irra - possibly a minor variation of Erra
Lulal - the younger son of Inanna; patron god of Bad-tibira
Mamitu - goat-headed goddess of destiny, who decreed the fate of the new-borns
Manungal - an underworld goddess; consort of Birdu
Mammetun - Sumerian goddess of fate
Mandanu -god of divine judgment
Muati - obscure Sumerian god who became syncretized with Nabu
Mushdamma - god of buildings and foundations
Nammu - a creation goddess
Nanaya - goddess personifying voluptuousness and sensuality
Nazi - a minor deity born to relieve the illness of Enki
Negun - a minor goddess of uncertain status
Neti - a minor underworld god; the chief gatekeeper of the netherworld and the servant of Ereshkigal
Ngeshtin-ana - goddess of wine and cold seasons
Nibhaz - god of the Avim
Nidaba - goddess of writing, learning and the harvest
Namtar - minister of Ereshkigal
Nin-Ildu - god of carpenters
Nin-imma - goddess of the female sex organs
Ninazu - god of the underworld and healing
Nindub - god associated with the city Lagash
Ninegal - god of smiths
Ningal - goddess of reeds and consort of Nanna (Sin)
Ningikuga - goddess of reeds and marshes
Ningilin - obscure god of uncertain status
Ningirama - god of magic and protector against snakes
Ningishzida - god of nature, magic and is said to reside in the Underworld
Ninkarnunna - god of barbers
Ninkasi - goddess of beer
Ninkurra - minor mother goddess
Ninmena - Sumerian mother goddess who became syncretized with Ninhursag
Ninsar - goddess of plants
Ninshubur - Queen of the East, messenger goddess and second-in-command to Inanna
Ninsun - "Lady Wild Cow"; mother of Gilgamesh
Ninsutu - a minor deity born to relieve the illness of Enki
Nintinugga - Babylonian goddess of healing
Nintulla - a minor deity born to relieve the illness of Enki
Nu Mus Da - patron god of the lost city of Kazallu
Nunbarsegunu - goddess of barley
Nusku - god of light and fire
Pabilsaĝ - tutelary god of the city of Isin
Pap-nigin-gara - Akkadian and Babylonian god of war, syncretized with Ninurta
Papsukkal - Akkadian messenger god
Sarpanit - mother goddess and consort of Marduk
The Sebitti - a group of minor war gods
Shakka - patron god of herdsmen
Shala - goddess of war and grain
Shara - minor god of war and a son of Inanna
Sharra Itu - Sumerian fertility goddess
Shu-pa-e - astral and fertility god associated with the planet Jupiter
Shul-utula - personal deity to Entemena, king of the city of Eninnu
Shullat - minor god and attendant of Shamash
Shulmanu - god of the underworld, fertility and war
Shulsaga - astral goddess
Sirara - goddess of the Persian Gulf
Siris - goddess of beer
Sirsir - god of mariners and boatmen
Sirtir - goddess of sheep
Sumugan - god of the river plains
Tashmetum - consort of Nabu
Tishpak - tutelary god of the city of Eshnunna
Tutu - tutelary god of the city of Borsippa
Ua-Ildak - goddess responsible for pastures and poplar trees
Ukur - a god of the underworld
Uttu - goddess of weaving and clothing
Wer - a storm god linked to Adad
Zaqar - messenger of Sin who relays communication through dreams and nightmares
Primordial beings
Abzu - the Ocean Below, the name for fresh water from underground aquifers; depicted as a deity only in the Babylonian creation epic Enûma Eliš
Anshar - god of the sky and male principle
Kishar - goddess of the earth and female principle
Lahamu - first-born daughter of Abzu and Tiamat
Lahmu - first-born son of Abzu and Tiamat; a protective and beneficent deity
Mummu - god of crafts and technical skill
Tiamat - primordial goddess of the ocean
Demigods and heroes
Adapa - a hero who unknowingly refused the gift of immortality
The Apkallu - seven demigods created by the god Enki to give civilization to mankind
Enkidu - hero and companion of Gilgamesh
Enmerkar - the legendary builder of the city of Uruk
Gilgamesh - hero and king of Uruk; the Mesopotamian version of Noah.
Lugalbanda - second king of Uruk, who ruled for 1,200 years
Spirits and demons
Asag - monstrous demon whose presence makes fish boil alive in the rivers
The edimmu - ghosts of those who were not buried properly
Hanbi or Hanpa - father of Pazuzu
Humbaba - guardian of the Cedar Forest
Lamashtu - a malevolent being who menaced women during childbirth
Pazuzu - king of the demons of the wind; he also represented the southwestern wind, the bearer of storms and drought
Rabisu - an evil vampiric spirit
Zu - divine storm-bird and the personification of the southern wind and the thunder clouds
Legendary beasts
Battle Bison beast - one of the creatures slain by Ninurta
Edit: The following is a list of most of my references so I don't have to quote them again with each post.
Babylonian Creational Myths - Enuma Elish http://www.crystalinks.com/babyloniancreation.html
Jordon, Michael (1993). Encyclopedia of Gods: Over 2,500 Deities of the World. New York: Facts on File, Inc.. ISBN 978-0816029099.
Kramer, Samuel N. Sumerian Mythology: a Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium B.C. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998.
Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 19 Jul. 2011.
