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Nikolita
Captain

PostPosted: Thu Dec 31, 2009 2:35 am


This sticky contains information about alcohol abuse, its causes, symptoms, methods of treatment, etc. Information included covers both the perspective of someone who is suffering from alcoholism, and those who are friends/family of an alcoholic. Also included is information about binge-drinking. There's also a post with helpful resources and further information for those who want it.


~

Table of Contents:

- Post 1: Introduction <--- You are here
- Post 2: Alcohol Abuse Information [internet]
- Post 3: What Do YOU Do About the Alcoholic's Drinking? [pamphlet]
- Post 4: Binge Drinking: Facts and Resources [pamphlet]
- Post 5: Binge Drinking: Am I At Risk? [pamphlet]
- Post 6: How to Help a Friend With a Drinking Problem [pamphlet]
- Post 7: Support Links [from the previous sticky]
- Post 8: Reserved.
PostPosted: Thu Dec 31, 2009 2:36 am


Alcohol Abuse Information [internet]

Taken from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alcoholism.html

Also called: Alcohol dependence

For most adults, moderate alcohol use is not harmful. However, nearly 17.6 million adults in the United States are alcoholics or have alcohol problems. Alcoholism is a disease with four main features:

1) Craving - a strong need to drink
2) Loss of control - not being able to stop drinking once you've begun
3) Physical dependence – withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating or shakiness after stopping drinking
4) Tolerance - the need to drink greater amounts of alcohol in order to get “high”

Alcoholism carries many serious dangers. Heavy drinking can increase the risk of certain cancers. It can cause damage to the liver, brain and other organs. It can cause birth defects. It increases the risk of death from car crashes and other injuries as well as the risk of homicide and suicide.

~

Taken from: http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/FAQs/General-English/

1. What is alcoholism?

Alcoholism, also known as alcohol dependence, is a disease that includes the following four symptoms:

1) Craving -- A strong need, or urge, to drink.
2) Loss of control -- Not being able to stop drinking once drinking has begun.
3) Physical dependence -- Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety after stopping drinking.
4) Tolerance -- The need to drink greater amounts of alcohol to get "high."

For clinical and research purposes, formal diagnostic criteria for alcoholism also have been developed. Such criteria are included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, published by the American Psychiatric Association, as well as in the International Classification Diseases, published by the World Health Organization. (See also "Publications," Alcohol Alert No. 30: Diagnostic Criteria for Alcohol Abuse and Dependence.)

2. Is alcoholism a disease?
Yes, alcoholism is a disease. The craving that an alcoholic feels for alcohol can be as strong as the need for food or water. An alcoholic will continue to drink despite serious family, health, or legal problems.

Like many other diseases, alcoholism is chronic, meaning that it lasts a person's lifetime; it usually follows a predictable course; and it has symptoms. The risk for developing alcoholism is influenced both by a person's genes and by his or her lifestyle. (See also "Publications," Alcohol Alert No. 30: Diagnostic Criteria for Alcohol Abuse and Dependence.)

3. Is alcoholism inherited?
Research shows that the risk for developing alcoholism does indeed run in families. The genes a person inherits partially explain this pattern, but lifestyle is also a factor. Currently, researchers are working to discover the actual genes that put people at risk for alcoholism. Your friends, the amount of stress in your life, and how readily available alcohol is also are factors that may increase your risk for alcoholism.

But remember: Risk is not destiny. Just because alcoholism tends to run in families doesn't mean that a child of an alcoholic parent will automatically become an alcoholic too. Some people develop alcoholism even though no one in their family has a drinking problem. By the same token, not all children of alcoholic families get into trouble with alcohol. Knowing you are at risk is important, though, because then you can take steps to protect yourself from developing problems with alcohol. (See also "Publications," A Family History of Alcoholism - Are You at Risk?; Alcohol Alert No. 18: The Genetics of Alcoholism.)

4. Can alcoholism be cured?
No, alcoholism cannot be cured at this time. Even if an alcoholic hasn't been drinking for a long time, he or she can still suffer a relapse. Not drinking is the safest course for most people with alcoholism.

5. Can alcoholism be treated?
Yes, alcoholism can be treated. Alcoholism treatment programs use both counseling and medications to help a person stop drinking. Treatment has helped many people stop drinking and rebuild their lives. (See also "Publication," Alcohol Alert No. 49: New Advances in Alcoholism Treatment.)

6. Which medications treat alcoholism?
Three oral medications--disulfiram (Antabuse®), naltrexone (Depade®, ReVia®), and acamprosate (Campral®)--are currently approved to treat alcohol dependence. In addition, an injectable, long-acting form of naltrexone (Vivitrol®) is available. These medications have been shown to help people with dependence reduce their drinking, avoid relapse to heavy drinking, and achieve and maintain abstinence. Naltrexone acts in the brain to reduce craving for alcohol after someone has stopped drinking. Acamprosate is thought to work by reducing symptoms that follow lengthy abstinence, such as anxiety and insomnia. Disulfiram discourages drinking by making the person taking it feel sick after drinking alcohol.

Other types of drugs are available to help manage symptoms of withdrawal (such as shakiness, nausea, and sweating) if they occur after someone with alcohol dependence stops drinking.

Although medications are available to help treat alcoholism, there is no "magic bullet." In other words, no single medication is available that works in every case and/or in every person. Developing new and more effective medications to treat alcoholism remains a high priority for researchers. (See also "News Releases," Jan. 17, 1995: Naltrexone Approved for Alcoholism Treatment and "Publication," Alcohol Alert No. 61: Neuroscience Research and Therapeutic Targets.)

7. Does alcoholism treatment work?
Alcoholism treatment works for many people. But like other chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and asthma, there are varying levels of success when it comes to treatment. Some people stop drinking and remain sober. Others have long periods of sobriety with bouts of relapse. And still others cannot stop drinking for any length of time. With treatment, one thing is clear, however: the longer a person abstains from alcohol, the more likely he or she will be able to stay sober.

8. Do you have to be an alcoholic to experience problems?
No. Alcoholism is only one type of an alcohol problem. Alcohol abuse can be just as harmful. A person can abuse alcohol without actually being an alcoholic--that is, he or she may drink too much and too often but still not be dependent on alcohol. Some of the problems linked to alcohol abuse include not being able to meet work, school, or family responsibilities; drunk-driving arrests and car crashes; and drinking-related medical conditions. Under some circumstances, even social or moderate drinking is dangerous--for example, when driving, during pregnancy, or when taking certain medications.

9. Are specific groups of people more likely to have problems?
Alcohol abuse and alcoholism cut across gender, race, and nationality. In the United States, 17.6 million people--about l in every 12 adults--abuse alcohol or are alcohol dependent. In general, more men than women are alcohol dependent or have alcohol problems. And alcohol problems are highest among young adults ages 18-29 and lowest among adults ages 65 and older. We also know that people who start drinking at an early age--for example, at age 14 or younger--are at much higher risk of developing alcohol problems at some point in their lives compared to someone who starts drinking at age 21 or after. (See also "News Releases," June 10, 2004 "Alcohol Abuse Increases, Dependence Declines Across Decade: Young Adult Minorities Emerge As High-Risk Subgroups" and July 3, 2006 "Early Drinking Linked to Higher Lifetime Alcoholism Risk. See also Alcohol Alert No. 55: Alcohol and Minorities: An Update.)


10. How can you tell if someone has a problem?
Answering the following four questions can help you find out if you or a loved one has a drinking problem:
- Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking?
- Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
- Have you ever felt bad or guilty about your drinking?
- Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover?

One "yes" answer suggests a possible alcohol problem. More than one "yes" answer means it is highly likely that a problem exists. If you think that you or someone you know might have an alcohol problem, it is important to see a doctor or other health care provider right away. They can help you determine if a drinking problem exists and plan the best course of action.

11. Can a problem drinker simply cut down?
It depends. If that person has been diagnosed as an alcoholic, the answer is "no." Alcoholics who try to cut down on drinking rarely succeed. Cutting out alcohol--that is, abstaining--is usually the best course for recovery. People who are not alcohol dependent but who have experienced alcohol-related problems may be able to limit the amount they drink. If they can't stay within those limits, they need to stop drinking altogether. (See the question 13, "What is a safe level of drinking?") (See also "Publications/Pamphlets and Brochures," How to Cut Down on Your Drinking.)

12. If an alcoholic is unwilling to get help, what can you do about it?
This can be a challenge. An alcoholic can't be forced to get help except under certain circumstances, such as a traffic violation dor arrest that results in court-ordered treatment. But you don't have to wait for someone to "hit rock bottom" to act. Many alcoholism treatment specialists suggest the following steps to help an alcoholic get treatment:

Stop all "cover ups." Family members often make excuses to others or try to protect the alcoholic from the results of his or her drinking. It is important to stop covering for the alcoholic so that he or she experiences the full consequences of drinking.

Time your intervention. The best time to talk to the drinker is shortly after an alcohol-related problem has occurred--like a serious family argument or an accident. Choose a time when he or she is sober, both of you are fairly calm, and you have a chance to talk in private.

Be specific. Tell the family member that you are worried about his or her drinking. Use examples of the ways in which the drinking has caused problems, including the most recent incident.

State the results. Explain to the drinker what you will do if he or she doesn't go for help--not to punish the drinker, but to protect yourself from his or her problems. What you say may range from refusing to go with the person to any social activity where alcohol will be served, to moving out of the house. Do not make any threats you are not prepared to carry out.

Get help. Gather information in advance about treatment options in your community. If the person is willing to get help, call immediately for an appointment with a treatment counselor. Offer to go with the family member on the first visit to a treatment program and/or an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting.

Call on a friend. If the family member still refuses to get help, ask a friend to talk with him or her using the steps just described. A friend who is a recovering alcoholic may be particularly persuasive, but any person who is caring and nonjudgmental may help. The intervention of more than one person, more than one time, is often necessary to coax an alcoholic to seek help.

Find strength in numbers. With the help of a health care professional, some families join with other relatives and friends to confront an alcoholic as a group. This approach should only be tried under the guidance of a health care professional who is experienced in this kind of group intervention.

Get support. It is important to remember that you are not alone. Support groups offered in most communities include Al-Anon, which holds regular meetings for spouses and other significant adults in an alcoholic's life, and Alateen, which is geared to children of alcoholics. These groups help family members understand that they are not responsible for an alcoholic's drinking and that they need to take steps to take care of themselves, regardless of whether the alcoholic family member chooses to get help. (See the question 19, "How can a person get help for an alcohol problem" for referral to support groups.)

You can call the National Drug and Alcohol Treatment Referral Routing Service (Center for Substance Abuse Treatment) at 1-800-662-HELP (4357) for information about treatment programs in your local community and to speak to someone about an alcohol problem.

13. What is a safe level of drinking?
For most adults, moderate alcohol use--up to two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women and older people--causes few if any problems. (One drink equals one 12-ounce bottle of beer or wine cooler, one 5-ounce glass of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits.)

Certain people should not drink at all, however:
- Women who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant
- People who plan to drive or engage in other activities that require alertness and skill (such as driving a car)
- People taking certain over-the-counter or prescription medications
- People with medical conditions that can be made worse by drinking
- Recovering alcoholics
- People younger than age 21.
(See also "Publications" Harmful Interactions: Mixing Alcohol With Medicines and Drinking and Your Pregnancy; Alcohol Alert No. 27: Alcohol-Medication Interactions; Alcohol Alert No 50: Fetal Alcohol Exposure and the Brain; and Alcohol Alert No. 52: Alcohol and Transportation Safety)


14. Is it safe to drink during pregnancy?
No, alcohol can harm the baby of a mother who drinks during pregnancy. Although the highest risk is to babies whose mothers drink heavily, it is not clear yet whether there is any completely safe level of alcohol during pregnancy. For this reason, the U.S. Surgeon General released advisories in 1981 and again in 2005 urging women who are pregnant or may become pregnant to abstain from alcohol (http://www.lhvpn.net/hhspress.html). The damage caused by prenatal alcohol includes a range of physical, behavioral, and learning problems in babies Babies most severely affected have what is called Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). These babies may have abnormal facial features and severe learning disabilities. Babies can also be born with mild disabilities without the facial changes typical of FAS.

(See also "Publications" Alcohol Alert No.50: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and the Brain; "Pamphlets and Brochures," Drinking and Your Pregnancy.)

15. Does alcohol affect older people differently?
Alcohol's effects do vary with age. Slower reaction times, problems with hearing and seeing, and a lower tolerance to alcohol's effects put older people at higher risk for falls, car crashes, and other types of injuries that may result from drinking.

Older people also tend to take more medicines than younger people. Mixing alcohol with over-the-counter or prescription medications can be very dangerous, even fatal. (See the question 18, "When taking medications, must you stop drinking?" for more information.) In addition, alcohol can make many of the medical conditions common in older people, including high blood pressure and ulcers, more serious. Physical changes associated with aging can make older people feel "high" even after drinking only small amounts of alcohol. So even if there is no medical reason to avoid alcohol, older men and women should limit themselves to one drink per day. (See also "Publications/Pamphlets and Brochures" Age Page: Alcohol Use and Abuse.)

16. Does alcohol affect women differently?
Yes, alcohol affects women differently than men. Women become more impaired than men do after drinking the same amount of alcohol, even when differences in body weight are taken into account. This is because women's bodies have less water than men's bodies. Because alcohol mixes with body water, a given amount of alcohol becomes more highly concentrated in a woman's body than in a man's. In other words, it would be like dropping the same amount of alcohol into a much smaller pail of water. That is why the recommended drinking limit for women is lower than for men. (See the question 13, "What is a safe level of drinking?" for recommended limits.)

In addition, chronic alcohol abuse takes a heavier physical toll on women than on men. Alcohol dependence and related medical problems, such as brain, heart, and liver damage, progress more rapidly in women than in men. (See also "Publications," Alcohol Alert No. 62: Alcohol-An Important Women's Health Issue.)

17. Is alcohol good for your heart?
Studies have shown that moderate drinkers are less likely to die from one form of heart disease than are people who do not drink any alcohol or who drink more.

If you are a nondrinker, however, you should not start drinking solely to benefit your heart. You can guard against heart disease by exercising and eating foods that are low in fat. And if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, have been diagnosed as alcoholic, or have another medical condition that could make alcohol use harmful, you should not drink.

If you can safely drink alcohol and you choose to drink, do so in moderation. Heavy drinking can actually increase the risk of heart failure, stroke, and high blood pressure, as well as cause many other medical problems, such as liver cirrhosis. (See also "Publications," Alcohol Alert No. 16: Moderate Drinking and Alcohol Alert No. 45: Alcohol Coronary Heart Disease.)

18. When taking medications, must you stop drinking?
Possibly. More than 150 medications interact harmfully with alcohol. These interactions may result in increased risk of illness, injury, and even death. Alcohol's effects are heightened by medicines that depress the central nervous system, such as sleeping pills, antihistamines, antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, and some painkillers. In addition, medicines for certain disorders, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease, can have harmful interactions with alcohol. If you are taking any over-the-counter or prescription medications, ask your doctor or pharmacist if you can safely drink alcohol. (See also "Publications," Harmful Interactions; Mixing Alcohol with Medicines; Alcohol Alert No. 27: Alcohol-Medication Interactions.)

19. How can a person get help for an alcohol problem?
There are many national and local resources that can help. The National Drug and Alcohol Treatment Referral Routing Service provides a toll-free telephone number, 1-800-662-HELP (4357), offering various resource information. Through this service you can speak directly to a representative concerning substance abuse treatment, request printed material on alcohol or other drugs, or obtain local substance abuse treatment referral information in your State.

Nikolita
Captain


Nikolita
Captain

PostPosted: Thu Dec 31, 2009 3:13 am


What Do YOU Do About the Alcoholic's Drinking? [pamphlet]


Many of us who are close to an alcoholic have felt, at times, that somehow we were to blame for the problem drinking. We aren't. However, our determined, angry, or fearful efforts to do something about it can make matters worse. In fact, many Al-Anon members have learned, "A drinking problem in the home can be more easily recognized by the behaviour of those living with the drinker than by that of the drinker."

It seems that no matter what we try, seldom we are able to make lasting improvements. Still, we persist in our futile efforts. After years of countless painful experiences have come to realize that some of our attitudes and behaviour, though fairly common, are not helpful.

In looking back at our efforts to deal with the problem drinking of someone close to us, we found that many of us have tried a number of the following. Perhaps you too, have tried a few of them...


We Who Live or Have Lived With Active Alcoholism, Have Probably...

- Made excuses for the alcoholic drinking.
- Tried to keep up appearances, making sure the alcoholic looked presentable.
- Been sure to wake them in time for work, school or other commitments; called up make excuses when they couldn't make it.
- Covered up for them to the neighbours, relatives, and friends.
- Made every effort to get food into them.
- Stayed at home to keep out of sight of other people.
- Gone out as often as possible to get away from it all.


We May Have...

- Done all the chores around the house.
- Supplemented or earned all of the income.
- Paid the alcoholic's bills, as well as our own.
- Controlled all of the finances, or at least as much as we could get our hands on.
- Found employment for them, or helped them with their work.


Some of Us May Have...

- Tried drinking with them, so that they wouldn't get so intoxicated.
- Encouraged them to try controlled drinking, and then monitored their efforts.
- Encouraged them to drink at home, so they wouldn't get into trouble.
- Cleaned up when they vomited, or worse; complained about it; then cleaned and complained again and again.


Others of Us Have...

- Told them to get out, so we wouldn't have to look at them; then sent the children to bring them home.
- Goen out to look for them ourselves, or telephoned around to find them.
- Told them not to yell or hit the children, then yelled at or hit the children ourselves.
- Complained that they didn't love us; denied it when they made the same complaint about us.


Many of Us Have...

- Loudly and bitterly resented the money spent on alcohol, then bought more, or given them money to buy more alcohol.
- Poured the alcohol down the sink.
- Blanmed the drinking on their job.
- Denied that alcoholism was the couse of the problems, and blamed them on everything else.


We May Have...

- Consoled the alcoholics when they felt sorry for themselves.
- Told them not to feel sorry for themselves.
- Used sex as a weapon to control them.
- Refused to sleep with them; slept with them.
- Kept on having children with them.
- Cheated on them because they cheated on us.


We Might Have...

- Lied about the amount of money we owed or had on hand.
- Run up bills so they wouldn't have enough left to spend on alcohol.
- Tried to tie up the drinker's free time so there wouldn't be time to drink.
- Bought all kinds of games and equipment, trying to get them interested in something besides drinking.
- Felt offended when the novelty wore off and they went back to drinking.


Practically All of Us Have...

- Worried over them.
- Cried over them.
- Given them the silent treatment.
- Chased them out of the house.
- Tried to reason with them.
- Done everything we could to please them.
- Walked on egg shells around them.
- Hidden from them.
- Waited on them; made them wait on themselves.
- Told them to telephone, and argued with them when they did.
- Spent the night in a hotel; spent it with the neighbours.
- Threatened to leave for good; failed to carry out the threat.


Some of Us Have...

- Called the police, gone to court with charges of assault, and then withdrawn the charges.
- Kept ourselves and our homes spotless.
- Let ourselves and homes fall apart.
- Refused to take another beating.
- Taken another beating - and another.
- Beat them.
- Begged them not to drive when drunk.
- Gotten them out of jams that resulted from their drinking.


We Have...

- Loved them and wanted us to love us.
- Hated them.
- Hated their friends or relatives.
- Tried to get help for them.
- Prayed they would quit drinking.
- Prayed they would drink themselves to death.
- Hoped they would break their necks before we did it for them.
- Planned their funerals.


And Finally...

We may have forced them out of our homes or left home ourselves hoping to compel them to take action about their drinking.


Can You See How Completely Useless All These Maneuvers Are?

Do you see that this is not the sane and consistent behaviour that is needed to face this serious problem?

It is a sad truth that the people who care most about a problem drinker often do more harm than good. By our own actions, we might actually help to prolong the drinking years and the agony that goes with them.

But there is a way out. Although many of us have reacted in self-defeating ways to the disease of alcoholism, we found that by changing our own attitudes, we could find serenity and a satisfying way of life.

You can too. You can help yourself and your loved ones by learning a better way to face the problem of alcoholism.


Here Are Some Steps You Can Take Today

- Accept the fact that there is a problem with alcohol, and that you can learn to deal with it.
- Recognize that you have a right to dignity and a decent life.
- Remember that many things said and done in anger, frustration or despair may make matters worse.
- Be aware that each of us can truly change only ourselves.
- Attend Al-Anon meetings to find out how we deal with situations similar to yours.


You Can Find Help

Al-Anon Family Groups is an important source of help for anyone affected by someone else's drinking. Al-Anon groups are made up of family members and friends of alcoholics who share their experience, strength and hope with each other.

By regularly attending and participating in Al-Anon meetings, you will find healthy, postiive ways of dealing with the difficulties that result from another's alcoholism.

Even if the alcoholic continues to drink, his or her relatives and friends can achieve serenity as the result of Al-Anon.

Look for the "Al-Anon" listing in your local telephone directory, and call to find a meeting near you.


The Serenity Prayer

God grant me the serenity
To accept the things I cannot change
Courage to change the things I can
And wisdom to know the difference


Reflecting on each thought in the Serenity Prayer can help put situations in a clearer perspective.


Al-Anon May Be Listed in Your Telephone Directory

The Al-Anon Family Groups are a fellowship of relatives and friends of alcoholics who share their experience, strength and hope in order to solve their common problems. We believe alcoholism is a family illness and that changed attitudes can aid recovery.

Al-Anon is not allied with any sect, denomination, political entity, organization or institution' does not engage in any controversy, neither endorses nor opposes any cause. There are no dues for membership. Al-Anon is self-supporting through its own voluntary contributions.

Al-Anon has but one purpose: to help families of alcoholics. We do this by practicing the Twelve Steps, by welcoming and giving comfort, and by giving understanding and encouragement to the alcoholic.


~

Nikolita Note: The Al-Anon method is not for everyone. There are other resources and help available for those who do not want to use the Al-Anon method.

---

The information in this post and pamphlet is from Al-Anon Family Groups. I do not claim to own any of this information, nor am I profiting from it or trying to claim it as my own.
PostPosted: Wed Aug 04, 2010 12:13 am


Binge Drinking: Facts and Resources [pamphlet]


What is Binge Drinking?

Binge drinking occurs when a male has 5 or more drinking, or when a female has 4 or more drinks in 1 sitting. It is also characterized by drinking for the purpose of getting drunk.


Who Binge Drinks?

Youth between the ages of 15 and 25 are the most typical binge drinkers, especially those who attend a university or college.

Quote:
"A 2005 Ontario survey of students in grade 7 - 12 reported that 23% of students binged on alcohol at least once in the past month."


Quote:
"25% of Canadians between 12 - 19 years of age bine drink more than 12 times a year."



What Are the Dangers of Binge Drinking?

- Car accidents.
- Sexual assault.
- Unwanted pregnancy.
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
- Violence.
- Alcohol poisoning.
- Coma.
- Cardiac arrest.
- Death.


What Are the Long-Term Effects of Binge Drinking?

- Alcohol dependency.
- Liver damage.
- Cancer.
- Heart disease.
- Stroke.
- Heart [problems].
- High blood pressure.
- Brain damage.


How Can I Drink Responsibly?

- Do not drink to get drunk.
- Drink a glass of water between each glass of alcohol.
- Pace your drinking.
- Sip drinks rather than gulping.
- Stay away from drinking games.
- Don't drink on an empty stomach.
- Know your limit.
- Don't give in to peer pressure.
- Always plan a safe ride home.


Resources

- McGill Student Health Services: www.mcgill.ca/studenthealth/information/drugs/alcohol

For more information on this and other topics, visit the BC Centre for Social Responsibility at www.bccsr.ca.


~

The information in this post is from the University of the Fraser Valley and its BC Centre for Social Responsibility. I do not claim to own any of this information, nor am I trying to profit from it.

Nikolita
Captain


Nikolita
Captain

PostPosted: Wed Aug 04, 2010 12:25 am


Binge Drinking: Am I At Risk? [pamphlet]

A checklist for people who drink.


You've had a bad day. So you power down 4 or 5 beers to forget about it. By the 5th beer, you feel better. For the moment.

A week later, you go out with friends for a few pitchers and end up getting smashed. You thought you had a good time. Until the next morning.

Four days later, you're nervous about a blind date. You have a couple of drinks before you go, followed by wine at the restaurant. Things seem great! Until you get stopped for drunk driving.

Drinking 4 or 5 alcoholic drinks in a row to get yourself into a "partying" mood or to feel better is called binge drinking.

People who binge drink often don't think they have a drinking problem because they don't drink regularly. Not true. You don't have to drink every day to have a serious drinking problem.

These checklists will help you decide if you (or someone you know) have a drinking problem, and show you how to get help.


Is Alcohol a Problem?

It's possible to drink too much once in awhile and not have a drinking problem. But you could be in trouble if you answer yes to any of the following.

Do you:

- Drink 4 or 5 or more drinks in a row on a single occasion?
- Binge drink more than 2 times a month?
- Need to drink to have fun?
- Often have a few drinks when things get tough?
- Do or say things you wouldn't ordinarily say after having just a little alcohol?
- Refuse to stop drinking when asked?
- Talk with friends a lot about drinking and getting drunk?
- Have a hangover 2 or 3 times a month?

If binge drinking causes problems in your life and you still don't stop, you could have an alcohol problem.


Plan Not to Get Drunk

Many people drink alcohol safely. They know how much is enough. They don't drink more than that. They don't plan to get drunk.

If you don't have a drinking problem, you can avoid the headaches of getting drunk. Here's how:

- Know your limits. Don't drink more than you can handle. Don't accept a drink if you don't know what's in it.
- Don't drink on an empty stomach.
- Pace yourself. Don't be a guzzler.
- Alternate between alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.
- Avoid other drugs when you drink.

Plan not to drive, no matter what. And don't forget, it's always OK to say "I'll have something without alcohol, please."


If You Can't Stop

Sometimes people can't stop drinking or refuse to admit there's a problem. You could be in trouble if:

- You do embarrassing or harmful things when you drink.
- You forget things that happened while you were drinking.
- You argue, fight or otherwise upset family or friends when you drink.
- You drink alone, or sneak drinks.
- Alcohol causes trouble for you time after time.


You Can Get Help

Trying to stop drinking by yourself can be hard, especially if you have a drinking problem.

But there's help if you can ask for it. You can contact:

- Your local health department.
- A clinic or private health provider.
- A campus health centre.
- A counsellor.
- A drug treatment program.

You can also call Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), or attend a meeting. AA is listed in the Yellow Pages, or visit www.alcoholics-anonymous.org.


~

The information in this post is from ETR Associates, copyright 1997. I do not claim to own any of this information, nor am I trying to profit from it.
PostPosted: Wed Aug 04, 2010 12:51 am


How to Help a Friend With a Drinking Problem [pamphlet]


If you think a friend has a drinking problem, you may want to confront the problem, offer support, and get involved in some sensitive discussions or situations. You can help. Don't step back believing it's none of your business. Excessive drinking and drinking problems can be harmful to the drinker and the people around him or her. Many people with drinking problems say that talking with their friends helped them to seek professional help or gain better control of their drinking habits.


Talking to Your Friend About the Problem

- If you care, show your concern. Don't be too polite to bring up the topic, but be tactful. Ask whether your friend feels he/she has a drinking problem, and continue asking questions that encourage frankness.

- Avoid blaming, sermons, lectures, and verbal attacks.

- Keep an open mind about how your friend evaluates his or her situation. And know your own limits - don't continue the discussion if you start getting impatient or angry. You may find that short, periodic discussions work best.

Once you have raised the subject, your friend may respond defensively, deny having a problem, or agree that he/she has a problem with alcohol.


Dealing with Defensiveness

Make it clear to your friend that you dislike the behaviour, not him or her. If you drink, be honest about your own drinking and attempts to control it. Understand that your friend's defensiveness is based on a fear of facing the problem and it isn't directed at you.


Dealing With Denial

If your discussion has no effect on your friend's drinking behaviour, you should say how the drinking problem affects you. For example, you can say how hard it is for you to enjoy going out together because you are afraid your friend will get sick, pass out, or otherwise embarrass you both.


Dealing With Agreement

If at some point your friend agrees that drinking is creating personal problems, you may want to ask:

1) What is it about your drinking that causes you problems?
2) What do you think you can do about it?
3) What are you going to do about it?
4) What kinds of support do you need from me to stop or limit your drinking?

You may also want to have some referrals ready, such as a campus or local discussion group or counselling service.


Drinking Habits

Below is a general list of the drinking behaviours of moderate and problem drinkers and alcoholics. It is not necessary for a person to have every behaviour to fit into a category, and your friend may have some behaviours that are not listed. However, this list can give you an idea of whether your friend has a problem, and how severe it is.

Moderate drinkers typically:
- Drinking slowly (no fast gulping).
- Know when to stop drinking (do not drink to get drunk).
- Eat before or while drinking.
- Never drive after drinking.
- Respect nondrinkers.
- Know and obey laws related to drinking.

Problem drinkers typically:
- Frequently drink to get drunk.
- Try to "solve" problems by drinking.
- Experience personality changes - may become loud, angry or violent, OR, silent, remote or reclusive.
- Drink when they should not - before driving, or going to class or work.

People addicted to alcohol typically:
- Spend a lot of time thinking about drinking and planning where and when to get the next drink.
- Keep bottles hidden for quick pick-me-ups.
- Start drinking without conscious planning and lose awareness of the amount consumed.
- Deny drinking.
- Often drink alone.
- Deel the need to drink before facing a stressful situation.
- May have "blackouts" - cannot remember what they did while drinking, although they may have appeared "normal" to people at the time.
- Miss work or skip class as a result of hangovers and choosing to drink.
- Go from having hangovers to more dangerous withdrawal symptoms, such as delirium tremens ("DTs"), which can be fatal.
- Have or cause major problems - with the police, an employer, family or friends.


Setting Limits

Until your friend decides to face the fact, you may need to set limits on what you will do with or for him/her. Let your friend know what the limits are and stick to them.

For example, you may tell your friend that you are not going to give him/her attenting during or after drinking, that you don't want any drinking in your room or apartment, and that you don't want him/her showing up to see you after drinking.

- Knowing and sticking to your limits is especially important if your friend is denying a drinking problem and wants you to accept excuses or make exceptions for poor behaviour. If you have had a drinking problem and attend meetings, consider inviting your friend along.

- Don't be manipulated into hiding or dumping alcohol, or covering for your friend in front of family, dates, or other friends. Protecting and/or lying for him/her will not work. Instead, it enables your friend to continue inappropriate or destructive behaviour.

- While it is important to be sensitive to what your friend needs to control the problem, you must remember that you can't control your friend's life. At some point, your responsibility ends. Don't feel guilty if you reach that point.


Progress, Not Perfection

In some cases, even though your friend agrees that there is a problem, he/she may be unable or unwilling to act as quickly or directly as you would like. Keep in mind that alcohol-related habits are hard to control or end. If your friend is struggling, try to:

- Remain supportive by recognizing the effect your friend puts into even small attempts to limit drinking.

- Be prepared for some steps backward as well as forward.

- Help your friend make contact with other recovering problem drinkers.

- Encourage non-drinking behaviour by planning activities not related to alcohol and by limiting your own drinking when you are with your friend.

Helping a friend with a drinking problem is not easy, but it is very important! Know that you are not alone and use resources on your campus or in your community to help your friend, and be sure to take care of yourself in the process.


For More Information

Alcoholics Anonymous
www.alcoholics-anonymous.org

Al-Anon/Alateen
(for family members and friends)
(88 cool 4AL-ANON (425-2666)
www.al-anon.alateen.org

National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
24/7 hotline, English and Spanish: (800) 729-6686
www.health.org

National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence
(212) 269-7797
24/7 referrals: (800) NCA-CALL (622-2255)
www.ncadd.org


~

The information in this post belongs to the American College Health Association, copying 2004. I do not claim to own any of this information, nor am I trying to profit from it.

Nikolita
Captain


Nikolita
Captain

PostPosted: Wed Aug 04, 2010 12:52 am


Support Links [from the previous sticky]


- Support for Drug and Alcohol Abuse

- Sunshine Coast Health Center [Alcohol Treatment and Rehabilitation Center] (Powell River, BC, Canada)

- Alcoholism - Support for Families and Friends

- Alcohol Abuse & Drug Addiction Treatment and Information

- Al-Anon/Al-Ateen meeting search


If there's a link you'd like to see added to the list, PM it to me and I'll put it on the list! 3nodding
PostPosted: Wed Aug 04, 2010 12:55 am


Reserved.

Nikolita
Captain

Reply
Drug & Alcohol Abuse and Smoking Subforum

 
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