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RULE 1: PROPER NOUNS AND OTHER CAPITALIZATION TECHNIQUES
Hopefully you all know the difference between a noun and a proper noun. A noun is a person, place, or thing, while a proper noun is the name of that person or place. For example, in the next sentence, I will italicize a noun, and bold a proper noun.
I have a horse whose name isTaz
As you can see, the thing is the horse, and the proper noun is the horse's name.
PROPER NOUNS YOU WILL ALWAYS CAPITALIZE
-Names of people (Jack, Chang, Dok, Billy-Joe-Bob, etc)
-Names of places (Canada, Britain, Toronto, Oregon, Texas, Houston, etc)
-Names of specific items, as in a certain brand (Band-Aid unless it is another brand of bandage, Stratocaster if you are speaking of the guitar type, etc)
-Addresses (Wilson St, Polloway Rd, Barron Rd, etc)
-The first letter of an abbreviated word (Rd, St, Bl, etc)
-ALL letters of shortened forms (U.S.A, CAN, E.U, AUS, etc)
-OTHER CAPITALIZATION
There are other times you should capitalize, such as:
1.Beginning of a sentence
2.Beginning of a quotation/speeh
3.In titles
4. The names of residents (I.E., German, Canadian, American, Australian, etc)
5. Hell, God, and Joan
DO NOT capitalize regular nouns. We're not speaking German here, so don't.
RULE 2: THE USE OF AND, THEN, AFTER, AND OTHER SUCH WORDS
It is annoying as Hell when you all make a list of things that goes like this:
"(Thing) and (Thing) after (Thing), but only after (Thing), Then (Thing) and (Thing) and then )Thing)"
Trust me, you look a little dumb. Actually, a lot dumb. Think things out and make a proper time line. For example:
GOOD
Quote:
"We've sent a letter to your family, in your name, saying that you'll be coming home, for dinner tonight. We've gotten you a ride in a jet with the military, you'll be there in no time. You best pack soon, your flight leaves in one hour" M said quietly as Martin walked towards the door.
BAD
Quote:
"We sent a letter to you family and it was in your name and it said you will be coming home for dinner tonight. We got you a ride in a military jet and you will be there in no time, so go and pack because after your flight leaves in one hour" M said quietly as Martin walked towards the door
Note the repetitive use of "and"? A bit annoying, isn't it? Use these words sparingly, or find other connective words. For example:
INSTEAD OF:
Quote:
She checked the pistol and then put it in her bag and closed it, and then she spilled many bullets onto her bed and wrapped them in a cloth and put it in the side of it. And then she put it over her should and looked around, and then she opened the door and left, and locked it behind her
USE
Quote:
She checked the pistol, afterwards placing it in her travel bag and zipped the compartment shut. Secondly, she lay bullets onto her bed, wrapping them carefully in the special x-ray-proof cloth. After ensuring it was proper, she slid the parcel into the bag's side compartment and shut it. Finally, she slid the bag over shoulder, pausing to look around the still apartment. Satisfied, she quietly opened the door then left, as if she had never been
RULE 3: PROPER USE OF QUOTATION MARKS, APOSTROPHES, COMMAS, EXCLAMATION AND OTHER MARKS
Clearly, they existed for limited purposes. Let learn 'em, shall we?
APOSTROPHE
They mark omissions, the possessives of all nouns and many pronouns.
To keep it short, because it's 2300 over here, just read these damn examples. Be aware, they are all very similar, but very drastically different in meaning:
* My sister's friend's investments (the investments belonging to a friend of my sister)
* My sister's friends' investments (the investments belonging to several friends of my sister)
* My sisters' friend's investments (the investments belonging to a friend of several of my sisters)
* My sisters' friends' investments (the investments belonging to several friends of several of my sisters)
More:
* Those things over there are my husband's. (Those things over there belong to my husband.)
* Those things over there are my husbands. (I'm married to those men over there.)
Apostrophes showing omissions:
PAY ATTENTION, THESE ARE MISTAKES WE'VE ALL MADE AT ONE POINT OR ANOTHER
Cannot= Can't
It has= It's
It is= It's
I will= I'll
I shall= I'll
It is used in abbreviations, as gov't for government, or '70s for 1970s.
Knocked Out= KO'd
ALSO COMMONLY SEEN IN:
French, Italian, Scottish, Irish and other Gaelic surnames.
QUOTATION MARKS
Seeing as the majority of us are in the or United States, Canada, or countries that follow similar rules, most are going by the North American rules, and those used most in the U.K.
For speech, you use quotation marks before and after the speech. ("insert speech here")
It is also acceptable in some areas to use single quotes as well as doubles.
"Good morning, Dave" Called Frank
'Good morning, Dave' Called Frank.
For speech within a speech, use alternate forms, allowable up to five speeches within speech. (Such things are common in the Bible)
'Frank said "Good morning, Dave!,"' recalled Hal.
"Frank said 'Good morning, Dave!,'" recalled Hal.
EXCLAMATION:
An exclamation mark or exclamation point is a punctuation mark: ! It is usually used after an interjection or exclamation to indicate strong feelings or high volume, and often marks the end of a sentence.
A sentence ending in an exclamation mark is either an actual exclamation ("Wow!", "Boo!"), a command ("Stop!"), or is intended to be astonishing in some way ("They were the footprints of a gigantic hound!"). However, exclamation marks can also be placed mid-sentence and function like a comma ("There was a loud bang! at the door.")
Casually, exclamation marks may be repeated for additional emphasis ("That's great!!!"), but this practice is generally considered unacceptable in formal composition.
COMMAS:
Commas are used to separate items in lists, as in They own a cat, a dog, two rabbits and six mice. In English a comma may or may not be used before the final conjunction (and, or, nor) in a list of more than two elements
Commas are often used to enclose parenthetical words and phrases within a sentence (i.e. information which is not essential to the meaning of the sentence). Such phrases are both preceded and followed by a comma, unless that would result in a doubling of punctuation marks, or the parenthetical is at the start or end of the sentence. The following are examples of types of parenthetical phrases:
* Introductory phrase: Once upon a time, I didn't know how to use commas.[5]
* Address: My father ate the bagel, John.
* Interjection: My father ate the bagel, gosh darn it!
* Aside: My father, if you don’t mind my telling you this, ate the bagel.
* Appositive: My father, a jaded and bitter man, ate the bagel.
* Absolute phrase: My father, his eyes flashing with rage, ate the bagel.
* Free modifier: My father, chewing with unbridled fury, ate the bagel.
* Resumptive modifier: My father ate the bagel, a bagel which no man had yet chewed.
* Summative modifier: My father ate the bagel, a feat which no man had attempted.
A comma is used to set off quoted material that is the grammatical object of an active verb of speaking or writing, as in Mr. Kershner says, "You should know how to use a comma." Quotations that follow and support an assertion should be set off by a colon rather than a comma.
Dok has many more rules, but is tired and wants to sleep. Check back soon, and that's an order.
