What is a Medical Ninja?
Medical-nin are ninja who specialize in medical treatment and use medical-oriented jutsu to heal others. Becoming a medic-nin requires an extreme level of intelligence and excellent chakra control, since medic-nin use chakra to heal injuries. Aside from their medical training, their combat training consists mainly of taijutsu skills, with emphasis placed on evading enemy attacks, as the death of the medic-nin could result in the death of the team, though medical techniques can also be used offensively. On dangerous missions, a medic-nin will usually be sent along with the team, to increase the survival rate of that team.

What types of Jutsu do they use?

Chakra Scalpel is a special Ninjutsu technique used by medical ninjas. After forming the needed handseals, the ninja will focus chakra to their hands. When their charged hands reach the body of their target, they can extend the chakra internally into the targets body to cut and neatly slice their muscles and blood vessels without harming the surface skin. This technique can be used in battle, but because of its hectic nature, the fine precision required for an instant kill is not feasible. Damage can still be done to the vital organs, but the technique should be used carefully in battle. A technique such as the Chakra Scalpel sees more use as a technique used during surgery, to make clean precise incisions.
Extraction is a jutsu that uses chakra to literally pull foreign materials from someone's body, no doubt requiring precise control on the user's part to avoid causing further internal injuries to their patient. It can be used in the field to remove poisons, shrapnel, etc.

So whats essential to being a med-nin?
Chakra control, Chakra control, Chakra control. The user must have precise control over their chakra to not only be able to use it without a second's warning, but as to not make sloppy endangering cuts on the patients body. A ninja who does not have full control over their chakra cannot and will not make a good medical-ninja.