Welcome to Gaia! ::

Okay, I just started a conlang based off of Spanish... To the best of my abilities, I shall make it make sense! -gasppassout-

It's easy to tell that this is gonna screw up soon... D: Oh well. The name is obviously based of of Español...

Heh.

I'll post stuff on the sound and orthography later, after I work it out.

¡Deso ke te kuste jest linkua!

Genders:

There are two genders in Jespanno, masculine and femenine. The endings for masculine nouns and adjectives is -e, and for femenine it is -a.

Definite Articles:

Masc. Sing. - Lè
Fem. Sing. - Là
Masc. Plu. - Lès
Fem. Plu. - Làs

Generally these will try to assimilate themselves into their respective noun, as long as that noun starts with a 'j' if the following syllable starts with a 'j' as well. La(s) jía(s) = L'ía(s). The same concept applies to di. Lès mentes d'ías. 'The minds of daughters.' A second assimilation rule is if you have two monosyllable words that both start with 'j.' 'Jè jà' 'And to...' These two would assimilate by taking out the second 'j' and replacing it with an 'll', and creating one word. Thus, 'jella' is born, and no accents are needed. Of course, this is only if the first word ends in 'e.' If it doesn't and both words start with 'j,' like 'ja jéi,' you rid yourself of the second 'j' and the following vowel. Thus, 'ja jéi' becomes 'jái' and 'ja jel' becomes 'jal.' If the eliding vowel has an accent grave over it: 'jéi,' the accent remains on the first part of the word 'jái.'

Indefinite Articles:

Jùn
Jùna
Junes
Junas

Ordinal numbers are adjectives, and therefore have gender. All other numbers do not.

Personal Pronouns:

Notice that, since this is based off of MExican Spanish, the bostro pronoun and all it's forms are not used. Replace them with the formal second person plural justedes.

Nominative Pronouns are the pronouns signifying who is doing the action. Examples are: 'I run,' 'you see,' 'he is,' etc.

Accusative pronouns are almost exactly the same in Spanish as the are in Jespanno. The signify the direct object, such as: 'I hit him,' 'He laughed at me.'


Dative pronouns indicate the indirect object. Examples in English include: 'I gave the gift to him,' 'He threw the rock at her.' Notice how on the jel/jéi forms there are no parentheses. This is because you need to specify the gender on these two, otherwise it's just weird. ¿Koprendes?

Genetive pronouns are ones that indicate posession. Examples are: 'It is mine,' 'You are hers.' Or something along those lines. In Jespanno, this is really not used, only in more complex sentences, and that means I'll just write how to use it.
You could say, 'The dog of the sister of mother of friend mine/my,' or something to mean 'My friend's mother's sister's dog.' Notice the 'my.' That's a use of the genitive. A better example would be 'L'amika di mía,' or 'my friend.' You could not say, 'L'amika mia,' unless you were using like in that one really long example with the dog. Using this essentially turns the pronoun into an adjective, which has two genders, relating to the noun. AKA, even if you are a guy, you'd say 'mia' if the gender of the noun is feminine.


As a side note, when saying something using either indirect or direct object pronouns, or both, they go before the verb or verb phrase, indirect object first. Te ceó do, or 'I give it to you.'

Adjectives:

As I have stated previously, adjectives (along with nouns) have two genders, masculine and feminine. Masculine adjectives end in -e, and feminine adjectives end in -a.

Adjectives come directly after the noun they modify, unless they are demonstrative adjectives.

Demonstrative adjectives are words like 'this,' 'that,' and 'the other.' These too have genders, but they actually come before the noun they modify, like in English. There are actually three of them, jeste/a, jese/a and jakele/a, meaning 'this,' 'that,' and 'that farther away.' There placement words (like 'here' and 'there') are, respectively: jalli, jalla, jaca. Eg: Jèste jalli means 'this here.'

When using a demonstrative, you can do away with the article. Of course, you still need the gender marking. Also, you can use them as nouns, like "This is cute." To do this, you simply add an accent where one would be regularly, in writing, making jèste/a, etc.

If you have no referent, as in 'What is this?' in the form of 'What are you doing?' you simply change the final vowel to an 'o.' ¿Ke ce jesto?

Stress rules:

The rules for placing the stress on a word are exactly that same as they are for Spanish. If the word ends in a vowel or the letters 's' or 'n,' the stress in on the second to last syllable. If the last letter is anything else, the stress is on the final syllable. All this changes, of course, when you add an accent.

Language Names:

In order to say the name of a language, like English, you don't say English, you say 'the language of England' or 'the language of America.'

To say a dialect, like Mandarin Chinese, you say 'the language of Mandarin China.'

Commands:

In order to form the imperative mood for a single person you address as tu, simply use the third person form of the present tense verb. iJabla! 'Speak!'

In order to form a justed command, use the subjunctive third person singular, or make it plural for justedes.

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