Welcome to Gaia! ::

The Physics and Mathematics Guild

Back to Guilds

 

Tags: physics, mathematics, science, universe 

Reply Mathematics
Teaching Math

Quick Reply

Enter both words below, separated by a space:

Can't read the text? Click here

Submit

ensignhotpants

PostPosted: Thu Dec 13, 2007 6:38 am


I've heard a good number of people say that they would have no clue how to teach math because they just do it and understand the process, but don't know how they could make it simple again for others.

For an example, how would you teach differentiation and integration to:

a. a 3rd grader
b. a 7th grader
c. a 9th grader
d. a 12th grader
e. an adult

Let me know your ideas. If you want, post how you would teach other things to people, like how to conceive of high dimensional vector spaces.
PostPosted: Sat Dec 22, 2007 9:38 pm


I'm actually thinking of getting a HS teachers qualification at present.

I don't really know how I'd describe what you're talking about, but there are several points in the curriculum where a good treatment is critical, but where the curriculum fails because its all broken up into neat boxes. Like the relationships between compound interest and exponentiation. Its the connections that make maths cool, but the curriculum seems to want to Balkanise rather than synthesize.

jestingrabbit


grey wanderer

PostPosted: Sat Jan 12, 2008 10:27 am


good for you rabbit!

I've done a afair amount of teaching (though I'm not at the moment)
For a 3rd grader I'd focus on intuition. I'd use lots of graphs. I'd talk about continuity in terms of not having to pick up one's pencil when sketching the graph. I'd teach them how to use their penil to make the tangent line and then I'd define the derivative as the "twistyness" of their wrist. Maybe teach them what a slope of 0, infinity (bypassing all the subtleties) and +/1 are are.

I'd teach them the meaning of the second derivative by having them move their pencil along the graph, but instead of tracing it with the tip, I'd have them use the pencil to be the tangent line. The speed at which their wrist is turning is the second derivative... The difference betwen clockwise and counterclockwise is the difference between positive and negative (though I probably wouldn't use those words) As a side note, your hand is *much* more sensitive to changes in concavity than your eye. Try the pencil trick on some random graphs-- that split second where your wrist starts to change the direction in which it turns is an inflection point.

For integration I'd define it as the area under the curve-- and we'd do it with triangles and squares and rectangles. We'd probably avoid numbers, but see how the triangle has half the area of a square etc.

For 7th grade I'd start the same way, but I'd introduce some symbolism and teach how to encode some simple examples in symbols. I'd start using the intuitive idea of an infinitesimal. And build intuition around the integration symbols AND Leibnitz notation, but without doing anything rigorous or too tricky.

In 9th grade, I'd become more rigorous, expand upon the types of functions that we use. I'd introduce sines and cosines. I'd use the circle definition of sine and cosine: I'd ask them to consider a unit circle and think about the point as moving at a constant rate around the circle. If we freeze time for a moment, then the angle cosine is x coordinate of the point, and the sine is the y coordinate. I'd tell them (without proof), that the speed of the point in the y direction (in this one *special* case) is the x coordinate. (It's quite easy to believe if you play with it for awhile). From this we'd find the derivative of the sine. I'd do something fairly similar for the cosine. I'd teach them the chain rule, the product rule, and the quotient rule (low dee high less high dee low all over low squared-- sung to the tune of hi ho the derryo). We'd cover *simple* integration by parts.

12th grade would be all the same, except we'd also look at simple multivariable examples, we still wouldn't use full rigor, but we'd not skip details. We'd expand integration techniques and do trigonometric substitution, partial fractions. We'd learn the hyperbolic functions. And I'd teach them about complex exponentiation (learning the myriad trig identities is so much simpler from that perspective). I'd have them write simple computer programs to estimate the area under a given curve using Monte Carlo methods... etc.
PostPosted: Wed Jan 16, 2008 8:09 pm


Awesome grey wanderer. I think especially what your ideas are for younger kids make calculus easier to understand. You could even use that for older people who are just lost with the concepts. I'll try to remember that.

Good for you rabbit. We always need more good HS teachers. If I wasn't going into science, I probably could enjoy myself as a HS math/science teacher.

ensignhotpants


Swordmaster Dragon

PostPosted: Sat Jan 19, 2008 12:23 pm


Grey Wanderer, I really like your ideas. I think by 12th grade, I'd start throwing in more foundations of analysis, but using multivar examples is definitely a good idea.

Right now I'm in HS certification program in math and physics. I don't know if I'll use it...I'll probably end up in grad school or the peace corps.
PostPosted: Sat Jan 19, 2008 1:33 pm


I think it's fantastic how many people on this forum are either prepared (or willing to consider) teaching high school math. Good on you all!

I've not taught any classes specifically for high school teachers but I did teach one term of 'Math for elementary school teachers'. By and large they were good people (and sincerely devoted to being good teachers), but they were also the singlemost math-phobic bunch I've ever taught. I found that more than a little bit frightening. It's reassuring to see people who actually like the topic consider teaching.

Swordmaster Dragon
Grey Wanderer, I really like your ideas. I think by 12th grade, I'd start throwing in more foundations of analysis, but using multivar examples is definitely a good idea.

Right now I'm in HS certification program in math and physics. I don't know if I'll use it...I'll probably end up in grad school or the peace corps.


I don't think having been certified to teach math and/or physics is ever going to hurt you. I suspect it would be a great boon in the peace corps, and might even improve your chances of getting into the grad school of your choice. Good luck!

grey wanderer


Swordmaster Dragon

PostPosted: Mon Jan 21, 2008 4:39 pm


Thanks, Grey. I mean, even if one chooses to stay in academia, there are a distinct lack of professors with any real experience in *teaching*. There are tons of absolutely brilliant people who simply do not belong in front of a blackboard. Of course, the same is true for high school, but the lack of (public school) teachers out there seems to negate the safeguards against teachers who can't teach.
PostPosted: Thu Jan 24, 2008 1:36 pm


Swordmaster Dragon
Thanks, Grey. I mean, even if one chooses to stay in academia, there are a distinct lack of professors with any real experience in *teaching*. There are tons of absolutely brilliant people who simply do not belong in front of a blackboard. Of course, the same is true for high school, but the lack of (public school) teachers out there seems to negate the safeguards against teachers who can't teach.

I kind of thought about getting into teaching, but I have this feeling I would be one of those "too smart" professors. I've had a few that are that way, and I don't want to put students through the same things my peers went through (I actually love having those professors. Move fast and get to the meat of things. Define the terms and go kind of classes.)

I do tutor people in the basics (mainly logic, algebra, and set theory) at the college I am currently at, but I have a problem explaining something on their level sometimes. I just assume they are familiar with certain terms. I am getting better about watching use of jargon, but I still forget a lot and I still struggle to put it in simpler terms. >.< I also get thrown when I have to explain really simple things like why when 3-x=-2, x=5.

I am actually tutoring a Hispanic student one-on-one right now to sort of play with the idea of teaching adults... Unfortunately, I don't know many math terms in Spanish, so it is slow going till I get comfortable with the terms. But he knows enough English so that when I get in a bind I can explain it in a manner he can understand (yay for drawing pictures!). The communication gap makes the work a bit difficult. I am trying to learn more Spanish and he is trying to learn more English. It is sort of an interesting experience.

I like working with older students much more than younger people. They often have a harder time picking up math, but it is really rewarding to hear that after many years of trying, they finally get it. They also tend to be more diligent. The only problem I have with the older students is they tend to freak out more when they don't understand. I don't know what to do with them. It is only harder for them to understand if they are freaked out, but I can't convince them to calm down. It kind of gets frustrating.

Dr. Leonard McCoy


Swordmaster Dragon

PostPosted: Fri Feb 01, 2008 11:12 pm


There are two problems I have with older students. The first is that they think they know everything, and nothing they do will be fundamentally different or fundamentally harder than things they've done in the past. This is *especially* true when you attempt to teach anyone over the age of 20 calculus. They invariably fail to make the jump from "spit out a number" to "understand the function."

The second problem is that they are much, much, much more likely (it seems) to vehemently refuse to understand the question. The older students I've had absolutely refuse to attempt problems that don't look like ones they've done before, because it requires understanding what's being asked. If they'd spend more than 5 seconds reading the question, and immediately plugging in numbers that have *nothing* to do with the problem...
PostPosted: Mon Feb 04, 2008 11:15 pm


Swordmaster Dragon
There are two problems I have with older students. The first is that they think they know everything, and nothing they do will be fundamentally different or fundamentally harder than things they've done in the past. This is *especially* true when you attempt to teach anyone over the age of 20 calculus. They invariably fail to make the jump from "spit out a number" to "understand the function."

The second problem is that they are much, much, much more likely (it seems) to vehemently refuse to understand the question. The older students I've had absolutely refuse to attempt problems that don't look like ones they've done before, because it requires understanding what's being asked. If they'd spend more than 5 seconds reading the question, and immediately plugging in numbers that have *nothing* to do with the problem...

Ah Swordmaster... I feel your pain, but in my experience it's not just the older students... pretty much ANY age range is susceptible to that same sort of math phobia-- that panic that overwhelms rational thought when the question isn't the mathematical equivalent of "fill-in-the-blank". But consistent with your experiences I find that the older students are more apt to compensate for their confusion by turning the interaction into a dominance game and this often manifests as anger. I've yet to find a sure-fire way to break (or redirect) that reflex. Another fashion in which I've seen this manifest is the "I'm just no good at math" approach. It frees them from the need to take any sort of responsibility for their actions and shunts the blame for any sort of failure to an impersonal (and amorphous) 'aptitude'.

I don't wish to sound callow, or as if I think it's hopeless, or as if most students are somehow *morally* at fault.... but it is frustrating... good luck.

grey wanderer


Dr. Leonard McCoy

PostPosted: Tue Feb 05, 2008 1:16 pm


Hmm... Maybe I just lucked out on the people I ended up with. I deal with people ranging in age from 28-55 (mainly residents of the building I am staying in). About a year ago I became the resident go to math girl (a long and kind of funny story). They are interesting characters, and most of them I have built strong relationships. I am usually really laid back and I tend to try not to force anything. I just sit back and let it roll. I have them talk things out to themselves and I just interject when it is appropriate. The only problem is that we don't often stay on track... As the way I tend to deal with things in my mind by attaching it to something else (rhymes, pictures, and stories for the most part). This makes unintended tangents a frequent occurrence.

But I don't get paid. It is out of love of math that I do all of this. I have enough to get by so I ask for nothing. We just work through things and we go on our ways. They repay me with their company, ideas, and stories. They also give me a challenge. I still have a hard time imagining getting paid to do something like that. Some have gotten to where the leave some money in my books on their way out. It kind of bothers me, but I appreciate the gesture. I’m sure that in the long run it will help me. I look at it as a networking thing more than anything else. I suppose it builds understanding also. I just know that I enjoy it (even if at times it is a bit frustrating)…
PostPosted: Tue Feb 05, 2008 3:29 pm


Dr. Leonard McCoy
Hmm... Maybe I just lucked out on the people I ended up with. I deal with people ranging in age from 28-55 (mainly residents of the building I am staying in). About a year ago I became the resident go to math girl (a long and kind of funny story). They are interesting characters, and most of them I have built strong relationships. I am usually really laid back and I tend to try not to force anything. I just sit back and let it roll. I have them talk things out to themselves and I just interject when it is appropriate. The only problem is that we don't often stay on track... As the way I tend to deal with things in my mind by attaching it to something else (rhymes, pictures, and stories for the most part). This makes unintended tangents a frequent occurrence.

But I don't get paid. It is out of love of math that I do all of this. I have enough to get by so I ask for nothing. We just work through things and we go on our ways. They repay me with their company, ideas, and stories. They also give me a challenge. I still have a hard time imagining getting paid to do something like that. Some have gotten to where the leave some money in my books on their way out. It kind of bothers me, but I appreciate the gesture. I’m sure that in the long run it will help me. I look at it as a networking thing more than anything else. I suppose it builds understanding also. I just know that I enjoy it (even if at times it is a bit frustrating)…

That sounds, rewarding... good on you! But I think there's a categorical difference-- it sounds as if these people come to you with their problems. That's a completely different power dynamic then a classroom situation, and the expectations are very different. But regardless. Cool.

grey wanderer


Dr. Leonard McCoy

PostPosted: Sat Feb 09, 2008 3:23 pm


Grey Wanderer, there is a difference between a classroom setting and personal tutoring, but even depending on where you are teaching the classroom setting changes.

I have given lectures in the past (I cover for close friends)... However, I have only done so at my current university of study and my old high school (both are small, no math classes exceed 44 people). I can easily group the students after a brief lecture and a few examples. I have them work on problems while I float around and work with each group as I would in a one-on-one session. Plus some of the more advanced students can help their group members. It is sort of a pleasant twist on the Texas Method… I tell you the basics, you figure the rest out! (The Texas Method is common in higher mathematics around here… Builds your proof style)

Right now I am studying for an Abstract Algebra II lecture I am doing soon (The professor wants see me lecture, although I'm not sure why). I still haven’t decided on exactly what I want to actually go over, and I’m not the best algebraist so it should be interesting… I would much rather teach logic, analysis, or even our proof foundations class, but oh well!
PostPosted: Mon Feb 11, 2008 8:49 am


grey wanderer
Swordmaster Dragon
There are two problems I have with older students. The first is that they think they know everything, and nothing they do will be fundamentally different or fundamentally harder than things they've done in the past. This is *especially* true when you attempt to teach anyone over the age of 20 calculus. They invariably fail to make the jump from "spit out a number" to "understand the function."

The second problem is that they are much, much, much more likely (it seems) to vehemently refuse to understand the question. The older students I've had absolutely refuse to attempt problems that don't look like ones they've done before, because it requires understanding what's being asked. If they'd spend more than 5 seconds reading the question, and immediately plugging in numbers that have *nothing* to do with the problem...

Ah Swordmaster... I feel your pain, but in my experience it's not just the older students... pretty much ANY age range is susceptible to that same sort of math phobia-- that panic that overwhelms rational thought when the question isn't the mathematical equivalent of "fill-in-the-blank". But consistent with your experiences I find that the older students are more apt to compensate for their confusion by turning the interaction into a dominance game and this often manifests as anger. I've yet to find a sure-fire way to break (or redirect) that reflex. Another fashion in which I've seen this manifest is the "I'm just no good at math" approach. It frees them from the need to take any sort of responsibility for their actions and shunts the blame for any sort of failure to an impersonal (and amorphous) 'aptitude'.

I don't wish to sound callow, or as if I think it's hopeless, or as if most students are somehow *morally* at fault.... but it is frustrating... good luck.


Maybe that's why I don't see it in younger students as much. In older students it manifests as anger, whereas in younger students it becomes a drop in self-esteem. I understand what you mean about the dominance thing, too. I've had some older students turn on me with phrases like, "I'm not going to sit here and listen to some kid."

As for the "I'm just no good at math" approach; it tends to help if I just talk them down from it and show them the road that they've traveled to make it to where they are. This seems to work especially well with calculus students, where they do have quite a bit of mathematical experience behind them. It makes them feel better to give them questions that they can now do on their own, but recognize were once-upon-a-time "hard".

Being "morally at fault" may sound callous, but it's...accurate in older students. Younger students, who are still developing and need the emotional support, I can forgive. But when anyone over the age of 20 adopts that attitude...well, it is hopeless. Adults simply lose their malleability.

On an interesting note, I'm going over developmental theories in educational psychology. One is Piaget's approach of four stages, the final two being "concrete operational stage" and "formal operational stage." What separates them is a lack of ability to systematize and abstract information. In the former, they can solve problems where they can work with their hands; give them a handful of pennies, and they can work out what 3+8 is. But it isn't until the latter stage that they can abstract the concept of "number" to do math problems (of course, this is not limited to mathematics).

Similarly, when faced with finding a specific relationship between two things, the former approaches it chaotically; the latter, systematically. One case study had students from both stages attempt to figure out how the period of a pendulum responds to changes in the length of the string, the impetus given when pushed, and the height that the weight is dropped from. The formal operational student will go systematically, and vary one factor at a time. The concrete operational will obscure the problem by varying several factors at once.

I tell you that story to tell you this one: Most adults (formal operational), when faced with tasks they are not familiar with, will revert to concrete operational tactics to solve them. Example 1: An adult just learning how to sail will most often try to adjust several things at once before recognizing that the tiller adjusts direction, sail adjusts speed, etc. Example 2: Most college students, when faced with problems outside their major, revert to tactics in concrete operational thought. In particular, they lack the ability to make abstractions in fields that they don't participate in daily. I imagine something similar is true for all adults.

The problem, then, is that adults who do not use some form of mathematics daily will revert to the concrete operational stage - mode of thought used by 7-11 year-olds - in attempting to solve those problems. Ain't that a kick in the teeth?

Swordmaster Dragon


No_Data_Mining

PostPosted: Wed Sep 10, 2008 4:37 pm


If I wasn't pursuing other goals atm, I would have sold my soul to B********* County Public Schools. Easy way to pay off loans. I've done a lot of tutoring and things akin to "T.A."ing and enjoyed the relative freedom to be able to adjust to the varied needs of the tutee and student. Public schools don't give you any such freedom, and I would be forced to massacre the beauty of mathematics in the same manner that has turned off so many students to it and the fields that require it.

If I were to teach the basics of calculus on a pre-algebra to pre-calc level, I would first introduce the concepts of position, velocity, and acceleration. Calculus was formed out of the necessity of a system in which Newton could explain his mechanics. As such, I feel that a basic understanding of the differential relationships between these quantities will directly lead to a working understanding of the relationship of the basic derivative and the Riemannian integral and lead to the abstractions that form the calculus of analytic functions.
Reply
Mathematics

 
Manage Your Items
Other Stuff
Get GCash
Offers
Get Items
More Items
Where Everyone Hangs Out
Other Community Areas
Virtual Spaces
Fun Stuff
Gaia's Games
Mini-Games
Play with GCash
Play with Platinum