
The grunts do not breath oxygen like the other Covenant or humans do, so it would be best to aim for the big thing on its back, called a methane tank. These little guys usually carry around 4 weapons: Plasma Pistol, Fuel Rod Cannon, Neddler, and the Plasma Rifle.
The Elite:

The Elites are, well, elite. They have their own personal shielding system integrated into their armor. They carry around all sotrs of weaponry, from the Plasma Rifle to the Plasma Sword. They have no real weak spot, just aim for their head.
The Jakal:

It is possible to demolish the Jackal's shield, but it is very hard, the easiest way to collapse it is to throw a grenade at the things feet, or else the nade will bounce back toward you. Their weaponry consists of : Plasma Piston, Needler, Carbine, Beam Rifle, and a lot of plasma grenades.
The Drone:

This is a flying enemy, and that makes it hard to hit. Just keep shooting at it. It's weaponry consists of: Needler and Plasma Pistol.
The Hunter:

It is hard to see because of the shield, but this Covenant's weak spots are orange patches of the worm-like creature's skin that the impenatrable doesn't cover, they are usually near the "neck", "abdomen", and "shoulder" areas. It's weaponry consists of the shield, the spines on it's back, and the giant fuel rod beam on its right "arm".
The Brute:

The Brutes are strong. Very strong. Even stronger than Spartans. There is no easy way to kill them, except stick them with a plasma grenade, and instant kill to all except the Hunter. The Brutes weaponry consists of the Mauler, Striker, Brute Shot, Fuel Rod Cannon, and Spike Grenades.
(Note, you will not encounter these opponents until Aquatos)