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 Posted: Fri Jan 19, 2007 2:30 pm
Why_newton Yeah for my native language being the "Language of the Month!!" Now I can learn at work too!! Though my poor co-wokers must get annoyed by my really bad rambling. razz thats awesome
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Posted: Mon Jan 29, 2007 11:11 pm
Section 10 - The Perfect and Pluperfect Past Tenses
The perfect past tense deals with the verb hebben (to have) and sometimes zijn (to be) in order to tell what happened, much the same way as the English "I have done" or "you have gone" or "we have written" and soforth. This is good to make a statement of fact on what has recently been accomplished as a matter of fact.
The pluperfect is the same, only it deals with the past tense hebben or zijn, much as the English "I had done" or "you had gone" or "we had written" - it delves even further into the past. Ideal for telling stories that happened days, months, years ago.
The English words done, gone and written are all called past participles, and these are needed for telling the past in the perfect tense.
To make Dutch past participles, take the stem of the verb (such as zit from zitten and hoop from hopen) and tack a ge- on the front, and a -t or -d on the end.
Use -t for verb stems ending in k, *f, *s, ch, and p - if it already ends in a t, nothing is added.
Use -d for verb stems ending in everything else, unless it already ends in a d - in which case, nothing is added.
*[If the stem ends in f or s, but the infinitive forms are v and z (such as leven - leef, lezen - lees), add a -d anyway.]
[Note that many verbs with inseparable prefixes such as ge-, be- or ver- do not add ge-. Also, verbs WITH separable prefixes remove the prefix, add ge-, and put the prefix in front of ge.]
Common participles ([H]=hebben verbs, [Z]=zijn verbs)
VERB--------------------------------------STEM-----------------------------------PARTICIPLE
[H] afmaken (to finish)---------------------maak...af--------------------------------afgemaakt
[H] bedoelen (to intend)---------------------bedoel----------------------------------bedoeld
[H] bellen (to call {phone})-------------------bel-------------------------------------gebeld
[H] bepraten (to discuss)-------------------bepraat----------------------------------bepraat
[H] blaffen (to bark)--------------------------blaf-------------------------------------geblaft
[H] bouwen (to build)------------------------bouw------------------------------------gebouwd
[H] branden (to burn)------------------------brand-----------------------------------gebrand
[H] doden (to kill)-----------------------------dood------------------------------------gedood
[H] dromen (to dream)----------------------droom----------------------------------gedroomd
[H] fietsen (to bicycle)------------------------fiets------------------------------------gefietst
[Z] gebeuren (to happen)-------------------gebeur------------------------------gebeurd
[H] hopen (to hope)--------------------------hoop------------------------------------gehoopt
[H] horen (to hear)---------------------------hoor------------------------------------gehoord
[H] koken (to cook)--------------------------kook------------------------------------gekookt
[H] kuchen (to cough)------------------------kuch------------------------------------gekucht
[H] loven (to praise)--------------------------loof------------------------------------geloofd
[H] maken (to make)------------------------maak-----------------------------------gemaakt
[H] missen (to miss)--------------------------mis-------------------------------------gemist
[H] praten (to talk)---------------------------praat-----------------------------------gepraat
[H] spelen (to play)--------------------------speel------------------------------------gespeeld
[Z] stoppen (to stop)-------------------------stop--------------------------------gestopt
[H] tekenen (to draw)------------------------teken-----------------------------------getekend
[Z] trouwen (to marry)-----------------------trouw-----------------------------------getrouwd
[H] verhuizen (to move {away})-----------verhuis----------------------------------verhuisd
[H] vrezen (to fear)--------------------------vrees-----------------------------------gevreesd
[H] werken (to work)-------------------------werk------------------------------------gewerkt
[H] wonen (to reside)------------------------woon------------------------------------gewoond
Now that those are made, use this formula to say what happened in the perfect past tense:
subject pronoun + present tense of hebben/zijn + past participle
Ik heb het gehoord. I have heard it.
Wij hebben gedroomd... We have dreamt...
Heb jij het spel afgemaakt? Have you finished the game?
Waarom ben jij gestopt? Why have you stopped?.
Wij zijn voor een jaar getrouwd. We have been married for a year.
Het is ten slotte gebeurd. It has finally happened.
It's done the same way for the pluperfect tense, with the exception of using the simple past tense of hebben or zijn (see the next section):
subject pronoun + past tense of hebben/zijn + past participle
Ik had het gehoord. I had heard it.
Wij hadden gedroomd... We had dreamt...
Had jij het spel afgemaakt? Had you finished the game?
Waarom was jij gestopt? Why had you stopped?.
Wij waren voor een jaar getrouwd. We had been married for a year.
Het was ten slotte gebeurd. It had finally happened.
Irregular participles ([H]=hebben verbs, [Z]=zijn verbs)
VERB---------------------------------IRREG. PARTICIPAL
[Z] aankomen (to arrive)---------------aangekomen
[H] afsluiten (to lock)-------------------afgesloten
[Z], [H] beginnen (to begin)---------begonnen
[H] begrijpen (to understand)----------begrepen
[H] bezoeken (to visit)------------------bezocht
[H] bieden (to offer)--------------------geboden
[Z] blijven (to stay, remain)-----------gebleven
[H] breken (to break)-------------------gebroken
[H] brengen (to bring)------------------gebracht
[H] denken (to think)-------------------gedacht
[H] doen (to do)-------------------------gedaan
[H] drinken (to drink)-------------------gedronken
[H] eten (to eat)-------------------------gegeten
[Z] gaan (to go)-------------------------gegaan
[H] geven (to give)----------------------gegeven
[H] gieten (to pour)----------------------gegoten
[H] hebben (to have)--------------------gehad
[H] helpen (to help)---------------------geholpen
[H] heten (to be called)-----------------geheten
[H] houden (to hold)---------------------gehouden
[H] kijken (to look)----------------------gekeken
[Z] komen (to come)--------------------gekomen
[H] kopen (to buy)-----------------------gekocht
[H] krijgen (to get)----------------------gekregen
[H] kunnen (can)------------------------gekund
[H] laten (to let)--------------------------gelaten
[H] lezen (to read)-----------------------gelezen
[H] liggen (to lie)------------------------gelegen
[H] lopen (to walk)----------------------gelopen
[H] moeten (must)-----------------------gemoeten
[H] mogen (may)------------------------gemogen/gemogd (more common)
[H] nemen (to take)---------------------genomen
[Z] ophouden (to hold up or stop)------opgehouden
[H] roepen (to call)----------------------geroepen
[H] schrijven (to write)------------------geschreven
[H] slapen (to sleep)---------------------geslapen
[H] slaan (to hit)--------------------------geslagen
[H] staan (to stand)----------------------gestaan
[H] spreken (to speak)------------------gesproken
[H] stelen (to steal)----------------------gestolen
[Z] sterven (to die)----------------------gestorven
[H] vechten (to fight)--------------------gevochten
[Z] verdwijnen (to disappear)----------verdwenen
[Z] vergeten (to forget)------------------vergeten
[H] verliezen (to lose)--------------------verloren
[Z] verschijnen (to appear)--------------verschenen
[H] vinden (to find)-----------------------gevonden
[H] vragen (to ask)-----------------------gevraagd
[H] weten (to know)----------------------geweten
[H] wijzen (to show)----------------------gewezen
[H] willen (to want)-----------------------gewild
[Z] worden (to become)------------------geworden
[H] zeggen (to say)-----------------------gezegd
[H] zien (to see)---------------------------gezien
[Z] zijn (to be)----------------------------geweest
[H] zingen (to sing)-----------------------gezongen
[H] zitten (to sit)--------------------------gezeten
[H] zoeken (to seek)----------------------gezocht
[H] zwemmen (to swim)------------------gezwommen
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Posted: Tue Jan 30, 2007 12:45 am
Section 11 - The Simple Past Tense
This past tense is equivalent to the English simple preterite - I counted, it ended, we watched, etc. The English trend is to end -ed to most regular verbs.
In Dutch, -te or -de is attatched to the verbstem for the singular subjects (ik, jij and hij), and -ten or -den is attatched to the stem for plural subjects (wij, jullie, and zij). If the stem ends in p, t, k, f, s, or ch, -te or -ten is added. The other endings add -de or -den.
Once again, verbs whose stems end in f or s but are v and z in the infinitive form (lezen - lees, leven - leef), add -de or -den.
VERB---------------------singular forms---------------------plural forms
aankomen (to arrive)----kwam...aan---------------------kwamen...aan
afmaken (to finish)-------maakte...af----------------------maakten...af
bedoelen (to intend)-------bedoelde------------------------bedoelden
bellen (to call {phone})-----belde----------------------------belden
bepraten (to discuss)------bepraatte------------------------bepraatten
blaffen (to bark)-------------blafte-----------------------------blaften
bouwen (to build)-----------bouwde--------------------------bouwden
branden (to burn)-----------brandde------------------------brandden
doden (to kill)---------------doodde---------------------------doodden
dromen (to dream)---------droomde------------------------droomden
fietsen (to bicycle)-----------fietste----------------------------fietsten
heten (to be called)---------heette-----------------------------heette
hopen (to hope)--------------hoopte--------------------------hoopten
horen (to hear)--------------hoorde---------------------------hoorden
koken (to cook)--------------kookte--------------------------kookten
kuchen (to cough)-----------kuchte---------------------------kuchten
loven (to praise)-------------loofde----------------------------loofden
maken (to make)-----------maakte---------------------------maakten
missen (to miss)-------------miste------------------------------misten
praten (to talk)--------------praatte---------------------------praatten
spelen (to play)-------------speelde--------------------------speelden
tekenen (to draw)-----------tekende-------------------------tekenden
trouwen (to marry)---------trouwde--------------------------trouwden
verhuizen (to move)-------verhuisde------------------------verhuisden
vrezen (to fear)-------------vreesde--------------------------vreesden
werken (to work)------------werkte---------------------------werkten
wonen (to reside)-----------woonde--------------------------woonden
[Note that the forms of some verbs like doden and praten will have both a double vowel and a double consonant. This is correct, although the plural forms would still sound the same as their respective infinitive forms.]
Ik praatte met haar. I talked with her.
Wij trouwden het vorig jaar. We married last year.
Werkte jij? Did you work?
Zij woonden in Duitsland. They lived in Germany.
Irregular tenses
VERB---------------------singular forms---------------------plural forms
afsluiten (to lock)----------sloot...af---------------------------sloten...af
beginnen (to begin)---------begon------------------------------begonnen
begrijpen (to understand)--begreep----------------------------begrepen
bezoeken (to visit)----------bezocht---------------------------bezochten
bieden (to offer)--------------bood--------------------------------boden
bijten (to bite)---------------beet-------------------------------beten
blijven (to stay)-------------bleef------------------------------bleven
breken (to break)-----------brak------------------------------braken
brengen (to bring)-----------bracht------------------------------brachten
denken (to think)-----------dacht-----------------------------dachten
doen (to do)------------------deed--------------------------------deden
drinken (to drink)-----------dronk----------------------------dronken
eten (to eat)------------------at----------------------------------aten
gaan (to go)-----------------ging------------------------------gingen
geven (to give)---------------gaf--------------------------------gaven
gieten (to pour)--------------goot-------------------------------goten
hebben (to have)------------had------------------------------hadden
helpen (to help)--------------hielp--------------------------------hielpen
houden (to hold)-------------hield---------------------------------hielden
kijken (to look)--------------keek---------------------------------keken
komen (to come)----------kwam-----------------------------kwamen
kopen (to buy)---------------kocht-------------------------------kochten
krijgen (to get)--------------kreeg------------------------------kregen
kunnen (can)------------------kon--------------------------------konden
laten (to let)-------------------liet----------------------------------lieten
lezen (to read)----------------las----------------------------------lazen
liegen (to lie)------------------leg---------------------------------leggen
lopen (to walk)----------------liep---------------------------------liepen
moeten (must)---------------moest-------------------------------moesten
mogen (may)----------------mocht-------------------------------mochten
nemen (to take)--------------nam------------------------------namen
roepen (to call)---------------riep---------------------------------riepen
schrijven (to write)----------schreef-----------------------------schreven
slapen (to sleep)--------------sliep--------------------------------sliepen
slaan (to hit)-----------------sloeg--------------------------------sloegen
staan (to stand)--------------stond-------------------------------stonden
spreken (to speak)----------sprak-------------------------------spraken
stelen (to steal)--------------stal---------------------------------stalen
sterven (to die)--------------stierf--------------------------------stierven
vechten (to fight)------------vocht-------------------------------vochten
vergeten (to forget)--------vergat-------------------------------vergaten
verliezen (to lose)----------verloor-------------------------------verloren
vinden (to find)--------------vond---------------------------------vonden
vragen (to ask)--------------vroeg-------------------------------vroegen
weten (to know)--------------wist---------------------------------wisten
wijzen (to show)-------------wees--------------------------------wezen
worden (to become)---------werd--------------------------------werden
zeggen (to say)---------------zei---------------------------------zeiden
zien (to see)-------------------zag--------------------------------zagen
zijn (to be)--------------------was-------------------------------waren
zingen (to sing)---------------zong------------------------------zongen
zitten (to sit)------------------zat---------------------------------zaten
zoeken (to seek)-------------zocht------------------------------zochten
zwemmen (to swim)---------zwom-----------------------------zwommen
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Posted: Wed Jan 31, 2007 10:38 pm
Section 12 - The Future Tense - Simple and Perfect
Simple tense
I don't feel that the perfect future tense really needs its own section, for it's not used as much as the simple tense. The perfect and simple past tenses got separate sections because they're both used quite commonly.
Anyway, like English and German, the simple future tense is pretty... well, simple. Instead of some kind of conjugated form to indicate the future, the verb zullen is used much the same way as the English verbs will and shall - a conjugation of zullen is used in conjunction with the infinitive of another verb.
zullen - will, shall (conjugations from page 2, Section 9)
ik zal - I will
jij zult - you will
hij zal - he will
wij zullen - we will
jullie zullen - you will (pl.)
zij zullen - they will
To tell what will happen:
subject pronoun + present tense of zullen + infinitive verb (of future action)
Ik zal gaan. I will go.
Jij zult zwemmen. You will swim.
Het zal regenen. It will rain.
[Keep in mind that modal verbs such as kunnen and mogen work the same way; ik mag gaan - I may go, wij kunnen zwemmen we can swim.]
Word order with direct objects and other particles
When there's a direct subject being dealt with, such as in the sentence "I will kill you", the order is slightly different from what an English speaker would expect.
Instead of 'ik zal doden jou', you push the infinitive to the end: 'ik zal jou doden'. More examples:
Jij zult het vliegtuig vliegen. You will fly the airplane.
Wij zullen hem "Bob" noemen. We will name him "Bob".
Onvermijdelijk zullen zij met elkaar vechten. They will inevitably fight with eachother.
[Again, the same word order will appear using modals like kunnen/mogen, etc.: ik kan niet een vliegtuig vliegen - I cannot fly an airplane]
Perfect tense
This tense has the same effect as the English "I will have done it" and whatnot. It's slightly more complicated, thus it's less commonly used in Dutch (the same way it's less commonly used than the simple future tense in English). To form the perfect future tense:
subject pronoun + present tense of zullen + past participle of future verb + infinitive of hebben or zijn
Ik zal de brief geschreven hebben. I will have written the letter.
Jullie zullen het al afgemaakt hebben. You will have already finished it.
Tegen dan zal hij niet begonnen hebben. He will not have begun by then.
Ik zal naar de winkel gegaan zijn. I will have gone to the store.
Tegen dan zal zij gut geweest zijn? Will she have been well by that time?
Wij zullen al aangekomen zijn. We will already have arrived.
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Posted: Thu Feb 01, 2007 12:31 am
Section 13 - The Conditional Tense - Simple and Perfect
You have probably used the conditional tenses a lot if you're someone who likes to make up excuses on a daily basis. xd The simple conditional compromises the English term "I would" where as the perfect is made up of "I would have".
Simple conditional
To use the conditional simple tense, use the same formula as with the future tense, but use the past tense of zullen:
subject pronoun + past tense of zullen + infinitive verb
past tense forms of zullen:
ik zou - I would
jij zou - you would
hij zou - he would
wij zouden - we would
jullie zouden - you would (pl.)
zij zouden - they would
Ik zou gaan, maar... I would go, but...
Zou jij het doen? Would you do it?
Zij zouden gaan indien wij ook gingen. They would go if we went too.
Wij zouden niet ons zelf degraderen. We would not degrade ourselves.
[Like with future tense, any direct objects get placed in between zou(den) and the infinitive verb.]
Perfect conditional
To use the conditional perfect tense, use the same formula as with the future perfect tense, but use the past tense of zullen:
subject pronoun + past tense of zullen + past participle of verb + infinitive of hebben or zijn
Jij zou gegaan zijn indien het had niet gesneeuwd. You would have gone if it had not snowed.
Zij zouden niet hun levens geriskeerd hebben. They would not have risked their lives.
Ik zou dat spel gekocht hebben, maar het kostte ook veel. I would have bought that game, but it cost too much.
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Posted: Thu Feb 01, 2007 1:34 am
Section 14 - Commands; The Imperative Tense
The imperative tense is simple in English: you would give someone a command by using just the infinitive verb without a subject pronoun, as "go!" and "eat!" and soforth, which works as the command for both the singular and plural form of 'you'. There are also commands for 'we', recognized with 'let us' or 'let's' - "let's go!", "let's eat!", etc.
In Dutch, there is slightly more to it, as there is not only a form for jij, but also for u and jullie.
For the informal jij form, use the stem of the verb (with all necessary spelling changes) as the solitary command:
Eet het vlug. Eat it quickly.
Heb een glas koffie. Have a glass of coffee.
Kom met mij. Come with me.
Ga weg! Laat mij alleen! Go away! Let/leave me alone!
Breng mij dat sodawater. Bring me that soda.
For the formal u form, simply use the conjugated u/jij form with the u following it:
Geeft u mij dat! Give me that!
Hebt u een goede dag! Have a good day!
Astublieft brengt u mij een glas water. Please bring me a glass of water.
Blijft u hier. Stay here.
Om te daar aankomen, gaat u links op die straat. To arrive there, go left on that street.
For the plural jullie form, use the conjugated u/jij form alone:
Hebt hoop. Have hope.
Zwijgt! Be quiet!
Blijft zitten. Remain seated.
Gaat naar mooie Denemarken! Go to beautiful Denmark!
Drinkt, vrienden! Drink, friends!
And for the wij form, use the verb laten + wij + infinitive of desired command:
Laten wij gaan! Let's go!
Laten wij een drank hebben. Let's have a drink.
Laten wij een toost makken! Let us toast!
Laten wij gaan slapen. Let's go to sleep.
Laten wij explosies makken! Let's blow things up!
Imperative of zijn
Zijn has irregular commands for all forms except for wij (laten wij zijn).
jij form: Wees!
u form: Weest u!
jullie form: Weest!
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Posted: Thu Feb 01, 2007 2:48 am
Section 15 - Negation
Negation 1 - niet
In English, sentences are made negative with 'not' or 'do/does not', such as "he is not well" or "she does not like it".
In Dutch, there isn't the nuisance of having to use the verb 'do' to help negate a sentence. All that is needed is the word niet, the Dutch equivalent to the English 'not'.
Simply place it after an object pronoun and its conjugated verb:
Ik ben niet goed. I am not well.
Wij spelen niet de voetbal. We don't play football.
Zij weet niet hoe ik ben. She does not know who I am.
Zij zien ons niet. They don't see us.
[Also put it at the end of the sentence to negate it entirely.]
Ik zie jou niet. I don't see you.
Zij begrijpt het niet. She doesn't understand it.
Wij houden van elven niet! We don't like elves!
Also works for both future and both conditional tenses, as well as the three past tenses, as well as similarly structured sentences using modal verbs:
Zal jij niet gaan? Will you not go?
(Zal jij gaan niet?)
Het zal niet geregend hebben. It will not have rained.
(Het zal geregend hebben niet.)
--
Ik zou niet het doen. I would not do it.
(Ik zou het doen niet.)
Wij zouden niet gegaan zijn. We would not have gone.
(Wij zouden gegaan zijn niet.)
--
Ik heb niet het afgemaakt. I have not finished it.
(Ik heb het afgemaakt niet.)
Jullie hadden niet gegaan. You had not gone.
(Jullie hadden gegaan niet.)
Jij was niet daar. You were not there.
(Jij was daar niet.)
--
Ik wil niet sterven! I don't want to die!
(Ik wil sterven niet!)
Kunnen jullie niet mij zien? Can you not see me?
(Kunnen jullie mij zien niet?)
Nee, jij mag niet gaan. No, you may not go.
(Nee, jij mag gaan niet.)
Finally, use them with imperative forms to create negative commands:
Ga niet! Don't go!
Eet u niet dat! Don't eat that!
(Eet u dat niet!)
Praat niet tijdens de film. Don't talk during the movie.
(Praat tijdens de film niet.)
Laten wij niet vandaag gaan... Let's not go today...
Other useful negative terms
ook niet - not either (lit. 'also not')
Hij werkte laatste week ook niet. He didn't work last week either.
Ga zonder mij, ik ga ook niet. Go without me, I'm not going either.
Hij heeft ook niet afgemaakt. He hasn't finished either.
nog niet - not yet (lit. 'yet not')
Zij hebben nog niet aangekomen. They haven't arrived yet.
Waarom heb jij nog niet gebaad? Why haven't you bathed yet?
Wij zijn nog niet klaar. We are not yet ready.
Negation 2 - geen
This way of negation works a little differently than using niet. In English, a positive sentence would be 'I am a writer'. The way of saying that one is not a writer without using the word 'not' is by replacing 'a' with 'no': 'I am no writer'. Geen works the same way in Dutch, replacing een (unlike een, the long E's in geen are long and undulled). Note that geen is only used when there is a direct object, and is never used when there is none.
(the alternate structure used with niet is shown below each example, to show how both ways differ)
Ik ben geen leugenaar! I am no liar!
(niet alt: Ik ben niet een leugenaar!)
Zij wil geen koffie. She wants no (doesn't want any) coffee.
(niet alt: Zij wil koffie niet.)
Wij nemen geen gevangenen. We take no prisoners.
(niet alt: Wij nemen gevangenen niet.)
Ik ben geen beter dan jou. I am no better than you.
(niet alt: Ik ben niet beter dan jou.)
Hij heeft geen geld. He has no money.
(niet alt: Hij heeft geld niet.)
Like the terms nog niet and ook niet, nog geen and ook geen to say basically the same thing, without having to use niet.
Zij hebben nog geen huis gekocht. They have bought no house yet.
Ik heb nog geen geld. I don't have money yet. (I still have no money.)
Zij koopt nog geen waren. She isn't selling any of her wares yet.
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Posted: Thu Feb 01, 2007 3:50 am
Section 16 - Weather, Numbers, Time, and Directions
Some useful words and phrases to know.
Weather
Wat voor weer is het vandaag? What's the weather like today?
Het is (heel)... It is (quite)...
mooi - beautiful/nice
koud - cold
koel - cool
heet - hot
warm - warm
open/helder - clear
vriest/ijzig - freezing/icy
windig - windy
bewolkt - cloudy
mistig - hazy/misty/foggy
drukkend/benauwd - muggy
vochtig - humid
Het regent. It's raining.
Het sneeuwt. It's snowing.
de lente - Spring
de zomer - Summer
de herfst - Autumn
de winter - Winter
Numbers
nul - zero
een - one
twee - two
drie - three
vier - four
vijf - five
zes - six
zeven - seven
acht - eight
negen - nine
tien - ten
elf - eleven
twaalf - twelve
dertien - thirteen
veertien - fourteen
vijftien - fifteen
zestien - sixteen
zeventien - seventeen
achtien - eighteen
negentien - nineteen
twintig - twenty
eenentwintig - twenty-one (lit. 'oneandtwenty')
tweeëntwintig - twenty-two (needs ë to separate -ee from en)
drieëntwintig - twenty-three (needs ë to separate -ie from en)
vierentwintig - twenty-four
(etc.)
dertig - thirty
veertig - forty
vijftig - fifty
zestig - sixty
zeventig - seventy
tachtig - eighty
negentig - ninety
honderd - one hundred
honderd en een - one hundred and one
(etc.)
tweehonderd - two hundred
driehonderd - three hundred
vierhonderd - four hundred
(etc.)
duizend - one thousand
duizend en een - one thousand and one
(etc.)
tweeduizend - two thousand
drieduizend - three thousand
vierduizend - four thousand
(etc.)
een miljoen - one million
een miljard - one billion
Time
Hoe laat is het? - What time is it? (lit. How late is it?)
Het is een uur. - It is one o'clock. [1:00]
Het is twee uur. - It is two o'clock. [2:00]
(etc.)
Het is half vier. - It is half past three. [3:30] (lit. half of four)
Het is kwart voor zes. - It is a quarter 'til six. [5:45] (lit. quarter before six)
Het is drie minuten over zeven. - It is three after seven. [7:03]
Het is middag/twaalf uur 's middags. - It is noon/twelve o'clock noon. [12:00PM]
Het is middernacht/twaalf uur 's nachts. - It is midnight/twelve o'clock at night. [12:00AM]
's ochtends - in the morning
's middags - in the afternoon
's avonds - in the evening
's nachts - at night
To say "at" a certain time, use om.
Het begint om drie uur. It begins at three o'clock. [@3:00]
Wij gaan om half tiens. - We're leaving at half past nine. [@9:30]
Directions/prepositions
het noorde - north
het zuiden - south
het oosten - east
het west - west
links - (to the) left
rechts - (to the) right
rechtsdoor - straight
op - up
neer - down
achterwaarts - backward
voorwaarts - forward
nabij - near
ver - far
in - in
over - over/beyond/in (when used with time)
boven - above
onder - under/below
bij - by/at
rond - around
om - at/around
naast - beside/next to
naar - toward/to
weg - away
volgens - according to
voor before/for/in front of
na - after
langs - along
tegen - against
vanwege because of
behalve voor except for
achter - behind
tussens - between
met - with/by way of
door - through/by way of
aan - at/to/on
tijdens - during
terwijl - while
vandaan - from
van - of/from
uit - out/from
binnen - inside/within
ondanks - despite, in spite of
sedert - since
sinds - since
tegenover - opposite
tot(dat) - until
zonder - without
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Posted: Thu Feb 01, 2007 5:17 am
Section 17 - Relatives, People, Pets and Animals
Relatives
de familie - family
de ouder(s) - parent(s)
de vader - father
de moeder - mother
de zoon - son
de dochter - daughter
broers en zussen - siblings
de broeder (broer) - brother (bro.)
de zuster (zus) - sister (sis.)
de grootouder(s) - grandparent(s)
de grootvader (opa) - grandfather (gramps)
de grootmoeder (oma) - grandmother (granny)
het kleinkind - grandchild
de kleinzoon - grandson
de kleindochter - granddaughter
de oom - uncle
de tante - aunt
de neef - cousin (m), nephew
de nicht - cousin (f), niece
de jongen - boy
het meisje - girl
de man - man, husband
de vrouw - woman, wife
de vriend - friend (m), boyfriend
de vriendin - friend (f), girlfriend
het kind - child
de tiener - adolescent, teen-ager
de volwassene - adult
de tweeling - twin
Related terms:
de geboorte - birth
de dood - death
het huwelijk - marriage
de echtscheiding - divorce
People/professions
actor - acteur
actress - actrice
author/writer - schrijver (m), schrijfster (f)
baker - bakker
butcher - slager (m), slagster (f)
clerk - klerk
dentist - tandarts
doctor - dokter
engineer - ingenieur
farmer - boer (m), boerin (f)
hairdresser - kapper
journalist - journalist
judge - rechter
lawyer - advocaat
librarian - bibliothekaris (m), bibliothekaresse (f)
mail man - postbode
mechanic - mecanicien
musician - muzikant
nurse - verpleger (m), verpleegster (f)
officer - officier
painter - schilder
photographer - fotograaf
secretary - secretaris (m), secretaresse (m)
singer - zanger (m), zangster (f)
soldier - soldaat (m), soldate (f)
student - student (m), studente (f)
surgeon - chirurg
teacher - leraar (m), lerares (f)
[If anyone knows any more feminine forms for the rest of these, please contribute. I'm not even sure if some of these are right at all.]
Pets and other animals
het huisdier - pet (lit. house-animal)
de hond - dog
de kat - cat
de vogel - bird
de vis - fish
de muis - mouse
het dier - animal
de olifant - elephant
de walvis - whale
de karper - carp
de octopus - octopus
de garnaal - shrimp
de forel - trout
de rivierkreeft - crayfish
de zalm - salmon
de oester - oyster
de kabeljouw - cod
de zeehond - seal
de haai - shark
de makreel - mackerel
de aal - eel
de krab - crab
de kreeft - lobster
de reiger - heron
de haring - herring
de gans - goose
de vos - fox
de wolf - wolf
de gorilla - gorilla
de kikker - frog
de haas - hare
de kip - chicken
de koe - cow
de stier - steer, bull
de beer - bear
de ezel - donkey
de hagedis - lizard
de slang - snake
de aap - monkey, ape
de leeuw - lion
de meerkat - meerkat
de vleermuis - bat
de schildpad - turtle
de giraffe - giraffe
de geit - goat
de rat - rat
de bergleeuw - mountain lion
de os - ox
de das - badger
de wezel - weasle
de eekhoorn - squirrel
de tijger - tiger
de pad - toad
de zwaan - swan
de zebra - zebra
de haan - rooster
de struisvogel - ostrich
de eend - duck
de kalkoen - turkey
de uil - owl
de patrijs - partridge
de arend - eagle
de meeuw - seagull
de duif - pidgeon
de mol - mole
de kraai - crow
de papegaai - parrot
de merel - blackbird
de zwaluw - swallow
de ooievaar - stork
de mus - sparrow
het konijn - rabbit
het hert - deer
het katje - kitten
het zwijn - pig
het lam - lamb
het kalf - calf
het schaap - sheep
het paard - horse
het insect - insect
de spin - spider
de kakkerlak - cockroach
de vlieg - fly
de vlinder - butterfly
de rups - caterpillar
de sprinkhaan - grasshopper
de kever/tor - beetle
de mot - moth
de mier - ant
de luis - louse
de slak - snail
de wesp - wasp
de vlo - flea
de muskiet - mosquito
de worm - worm
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Posted: Fri Feb 02, 2007 12:12 am
Section 18 - Days of the Week, Months and Countries
Days of the week
dagen van de week - days of the week
de zondag - Sunday
de maandag - Monday
de dinsdag - Tuesday
de woensdag - Wednesday
de donderdag - Thursday
de vrijdag - Friday
de zaterdag - Saturday
de dag - day
de ochtend/morgen - morning
de middag - noon, midday
de namiddag - afternoon
de avond - evening
de nacht - night
vandaag - today
gisteren - yesterday
morgen - tomorrow
deze nacht/vannacht - tonight
vorige nacht/vannacht - last night
overmorgen - the day after tomorrow
eergisteren - the day before yesterday
de week - week
het weekend - weekend
dagelijks - daily
wekelijks - weekly
Months
maanden van het jaar - months of the year
het januarie - January
het februarie - February
het maarts - March
het april - April
het mei - May
het juni - June
het juli - July
het augustus - August
het september - September
het oktober - October
het november - November
het december - December
de maand - month
deze maand - this month
laatste maand - last month
volgende maand - next month
het jaar - year
dit jaar - this year
laatste jaar - last year
volgende jaar - next year
maandelijks - monthly
jaarlijks - yearly
Countries
-----------------------------COUNTRY--------------------------------NATIONALITY
Africa-----------------------Afrika------------------------------------Afrikaan/Afrikaanse
Argentina------------------Argentinië------------------------------Argentijn/Argentijnse
Asia------------------------Azië---------------------------------------Aziaat/Aziatische
Austria---------------------Oostenrijk------------------------------Oostenrijker/Oostenrijkse
Belgium--------------------België------------------------------------Belg/Belgische
Brazil-----------------------Brazilië-----------------------------------Braziliaan/Braziliaanse
China-----------------------China------------------------------------Chinees/Chinese
Denmark-------------------Denemarken----------------------------Deen/Deense
England--------------------Engeland--------------------------------Engelsman/Engelse
Europe----------------------Europa----------------------------------Europeaan/Europeaanse
France----------------------Frankrijk--------------------------------Fransman/Française
Germany-------------------Duitsland--------------------------------Duitser/Duitse
Great Britain---------------Groot Brittanië--------------------------Brit/Britse
Greece---------------------Griekenland-----------------------------Griek/Griekse
Holland---------------------Holland----------------------------------Hollander/Hollandse
Hungary--------------------Hongarije-------------------------------Hongaar/Hongaarse
Iceland---------------------IJsland-----------------------------------IJslander/IJslandse
India------------------------India-------------------------------------Indiër/Indiase
Ireland----------------------Ierland----------------------------------Ier/Ierse
Italy-------------------------Italië------------------------------------Italiaan/Italiaanse
Japan------------------------Japan-----------------------------------Japanner/Japanse
Netherlands----------------Nederland------------------------------Nederlander/Nederlandse
Norway---------------------Norwegen-------------------------------Noor/Noorse
Poland----------------------Polen-------------------------------------Pool/Poolse
Portugal---------------------Portugal---------------------------------Portugees/Portugese
Russia-----------------------Rusland---------------------------------Rus/Rusin
Spain------------------------Spanje----------------------------------Spanjaard/Spaanse
Sweden---------------------Zweden---------------------------------Zweed/Zweedse
Switzerland-----------------Zwitserland----------------------------Zwitser/Zwitserse
Turkey----------------------Turkije-----------------------------------Turk/Turkse
United States--------------Verenigde Staten van Amerika-----Amerikaan/Amerikaanse
To say you are a certain nationality, you say 'ik ben ____' rather than 'ik ben een ____'. There are feminine versions of each nationality which usually add -se or -e, but my sources only gave me the masculine forms and a couple select feminine forms, so I had to basically fabricate most of them. If there are any Netherlanders out there who spot any of these mistakes, please tell me so that I can fix them.
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Posted: Fri Feb 16, 2007 12:40 am
I'm dutch, so if anyone has some questions about how you say something in dutch, or if you saw something dutch.. and you want me to translate it, feel free to ask ^_^
de broeder (brother)
de broer = to familie
de broeder = to a good friend
zwaart - black
it's not zwaart, it's zwart 3nodding
strom = stupid
it's not strom, it's stom ^^;
vlug = smart
vlug is more in speed, vlug = fast
you could better use 'slim' for smart :3
vervelend = boring
vervelend is more like 'irritating'
'saai' could better fit with boring
I looked 'steven' and 'steef' on in the dictionary, because had never heard of it
and it turns out it means the back or front of a vessel
when I looked 'stern' up in the english-dutch dictionary it said that there are 2 meanings of that word. about ship's and like teachers.. I guess you ment like how teachers are..
so stern will be 'streng'
so it will be 'the stern father' = 'de strenge vader'
an example for f turning into a v will be
ik schrijf - I write
zij schrijven - they write
Zij is niet zo vlug. - She is not so smart.
it's 'Zij is niet zo slim'
Waar leer ik van het lied van stormen? - Where do I learn the Song of Storms?
you don't use 'van' in that sentence :3
I hope you didn't mind that I told you what's wrong and what would be better?
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Posted: Fri Feb 16, 2007 10:25 am
Woot! Dutch...Hmm..Let me point out some things...
Hartelijk gefeliciteerd met je verjaardag - Happy Birthday
--> A shorter way of saying this: "Gelukkige Verjaardag"
Ik bregrijp het niet - I don't understand
--> Typo at "begrijp" ^^
strom = stupid
--> Typo, it should be "stom"
vlug = smart
richtig = verbeter
--> I don't think "smart" is a translation for "vlug". That should be "quick". I'm also lost at richtig/verbeter...>.<
recht = right (side)
--> If you mean the side it should be "rechts"
Well, I haven't read everything. Just some things I saw...
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Posted: Fri Feb 16, 2007 12:00 pm
Living Shinigami Woot! Dutch...Hmm..Let me point out some things...
Hartelijk gefeliciteerd met je verjaardag - Happy Birthday
--> A shorter way of saying this: "Gelukkige Verjaardag"
Ik bregrijp het niet - I don't understand
--> Typo at "begrijp" ^^
strom = stupid
--> Typo, it should be "stom"
vlug = smart
richtig = verbeter
--> I don't think "smart" is a translation for "vlug". That should be "quick". I'm also lost at richtig/verbeter...>.<
recht = right (side)
--> If you mean the side it should be "rechts"
Well, I haven't read everything. Just some things I saw...
are you dutch? ninja
ik had je nog nooit ergens gezien dus vandaar o_o
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Posted: Fri Feb 16, 2007 10:08 pm
Since you seem to be Dutch, please tell me if this is correct - when you use an adjective to describe a neuter het noun, you do not add an -e to the adjective? That's what one source tells me, anyway.
And is that broeder/broer thing you mentioned the same with zuster and zus?
AND the "Waar leer ik van het lied van stormen?" -> "Waar leer ik van het lied stormen?" would fit within the same premises of "een glas water" or "een stuk pizza"? And how would that explain how "een hart van goud" prevails over "een hart goud" in the online Dutch world?
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Posted: Sat Feb 17, 2007 5:46 am
Hawk_McKrakken Since you seem to be Dutch, please tell me if this is correct - when you use an adjective to describe a neuter het noun, you do not add an -e to the adjective? That's what one source tells me, anyway. And is that broeder/broer thing you mentioned the same with zuster and zus? AND the "Waar leer ik van het lied van stormen?" -> "Waar leer ik van het lied stormen?" would fit within the same premises of "een glas water" or "een stuk pizza"? And how would that explain how "een hart van goud" prevails over "een hart goud" in the online Dutch world?
when you use 'het' it will be the same, noun:'het gewei' (antlers), adjectife;'schoon'(clean) it will be 'het schone gewei'.
woops, I ment the first 'van' so "waar leer ik het lied van stormen" :3
zuster is an docters assistence, or old dutch for zus, I guess brother is old dutch for broer too..
but when you hear 'zuster' and 'broeder' in the Netherlands, it will probable be for 'an docters assistence' and 'a best friend'.
lol, you mentioned pizza, now I'm hungry xD
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