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 Posted: Sun Feb 13, 2011 8:07 pm
Personal Pronouns
I
私 → わたし → watashi → I
私たち → わたしたち → watashi tachi → we
僕 → ぼく → boku → I (male, informal)
僕たち → ぼくたち → boku tachi → we (male, informal)
俺 → おれ → ore → I (male, informal)
俺たち → おれたち → ore tachi → we (male, informal)
あたし → atashi → I (female, informal)
あたしたち → atashi tachi → we (female, informal)
You
あなた → anata → you
あなたたち → anata tachi → you (plural)
あなたがた → anata gata → you (plural)
君 → きみ → kimi → you
君たち → きみたち → kimi tachi → you (plural)
お前 → おまえ → omae → you
お前たち → おまえたち → omae tachi → you (plural)
お前ら → おまえら → omaera → you (plural)
He/She
彼 → かれ → kare → he
彼たち → かれたち → kare tachi → they (male)
彼ら → かれら → karera → they (male)
彼女 → かのじょ → kanojo → she
彼女たち → かのじょたち → kanojo tachi → they (female)
彼女ら → かのじょら → kanojora → they (female)
あの人 → あのひと → ano hito → he/she [literally: that person]
あの人たち → あのひとたち → ano hito tachi → they
あの方 → あのかた → ano kata → he/she (polite)
あの方たち → あのかたたち → ano kata tachi → they (polite)
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Posted: Sun Feb 13, 2011 8:34 pm
Particles
は
は is usually called a topic particle. It indicates that the preceding noun is the topic of the sentence.
高田さんはエンジニアです。(たなかさんはえんじにあです。 → Takada-san wa enjinea desu. → Mr. Takada is an engineer.)
は is used in statements or questions that seek to describe or identify X.
これは本です。(これはほんです。 → Kore wa hon desu. → This is a book.)
あれは本ですか。(あれはほんですか。 → Are wa hon desu ka? → Is that a book?)
が
が is used after a question word (who, where, etc) and in the answer to a question using such a question word.
どれが川村さんの本ですか。(どれがかわむらさんのほんですか。 → Dore ga Kawamura-san no hon desu ka? → Which one is Mr. Kawamura's book?
これが川村さんの本です。(これがかわむらさんのほんです。 → Kore ga Kawamura-san no hon desu. → This is Mr. Kawamura's book.)
の
の is a possessive particle.
私の (わたしの → watashi no) - my
先生の (せんせいの → sensei no) - teacher's
か
か is a question marker. It's added after the verb/copula (if using polite form).
何をしますか。 (なにをしますか。 → Nani wo shimasu ka? → What are you doing?)
音楽が好きですか。 (おんがくがすきですか。 → Ongaku ga suki desu ka? → Do you like music?
に
に is a positional marker: in/at.
猫は私の部屋にいます。 (ねこはわたしのへやにいます。 → Neko wa watashi no heya ni imasu. → (My) cat is in my room.)
日本にいる間… (にほんにいるあいだ… → Nihon ni iru aida... → While I'm in Japan...)
で
で is also a positional marker: in/at.
私の家で、皆とテレビを見ました。 (わたしのいえで、みんなとてれぶをみました。 → Watashi no ie de, minna to terebi wo mimashita. → At my house, I watched TV with everyone.)
日本語で話してください。 (にほんごではなしてください。 → Nihongo de hanashite kudasai. → Please speak (in) Japanese.)
を
を comes before the verb to indicate doing something.
音楽を聞きます。 (おんがくをききます。 → Ongaku wo kikimasu. → Listen to music.)
ビールを飲みます。 (びーるをのみます。 → Sake wo nomimasu. → Drink beer.)
も
も is also; is both. 'Also' is formed differently in Japanese than in English, this is because the particle can not be placed freely within the sentence. Instead だ/です is split into its original components of で and ある by putting a も inbetween. Adjectives go into their adverbial form followed by もある.
「朝日」はビールの名前ですか。(「あさひ」はびーるのなまえですか。 → 「asahi」 wa biiru no namae desu ka? → Is "Asahi" the name of a beer?)
ええ、それに新聞の名前でもあります。 (ええ、それにしんぶんのなまえでもあります。 → Ee, sore ni shinbun no namae de mo arimasu. → Yes, it's also the name of a newspaper.) [Grammatical]
*ええ、新聞の名前もです。 (ええ、しんぶんのなまえもです。 → Ee, shinbun no namae mo desu. → Yes, it's also the name of a newspaper.) [Ungrammatical]
と (or や)
と is placed between nouns in lists, signifies 'and'.
本と音楽とテレビが好きです。 (ほんとおんがくとてれびがすきです。 → Hon to ongaku to terebi ga suki desu. → I like books, music, and TV.)
皆と遊園地に行きました。 (みんなとゆうえんちにいきました。 → Minna to yuuenchi ni ikimashita. → I went with everyone to the amusement park.)
へ
へ is placed after place names, can be used similar to に or で.
授業へ行きました。(じゅぎょうへいきました。 → Jyugyou he ikimashita. → I went to class.)
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Posted: Sun Feb 13, 2011 8:38 pm
The Copula です
Positive Sentences
X is equivalent to Y; X is a member of the group Y; X is described (or modified) by Y.
X は Y です。
Past tense: X は Y でした。
Negative Sentences
X is not equivalent to Y; X is not a member of the group Y; X is not described (or modified) by Y.
X は Y ではありません。 (ではありません can be contracted to じゃありません in informal speech.)
Past tense: X は Y ではありませんでした。
Plain forms:
です → だ
でした → だった
ではありません → じゃありません → じゃない
ではありませんでした → じゃなかった
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Posted: Mon Feb 14, 2011 12:52 am
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Posted: Mon Feb 14, 2011 3:12 pm
I don't know if these fall under particles, but you should include から and ＿も (like hemo, nimo, demo)
Also, for the negatives. You should go over the differences in い adjectives and な adjectives. Like how in い adjectives, the い is replaced. For example in ひどい, it becomes ひどくない when it is negative. For past negative, it becomes ひどくなかった.
For な adjectives, きれいです。Then for negatives: きれいではありません。Past-negatives become: きれいではありませんでした。
Sorry if I seem really picky or OCD. :> I'm just trying to help~
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Posted: Mon Feb 14, 2011 4:26 pm
iGoRawrX I don't know if these fall under particles, but you should include から and ＿も (like hemo, nimo, demo)
Also, for the negatives. You should go over the differences in い adjectives and な adjectives. Like how in い adjectives, the い is replaced. For example in ひどい, it becomes ひどくない when it is negative. For past negative, it becomes ひどくなかった.
For な adjectives, きれいです。Then for negatives: きれいではありません。Past-negatives become: きれいではありませんでした。
Sorry if I seem really picky or OCD. :> I'm just trying to help~
S'all good xD I'm just posting stuff when I have time/when boredom strikes. I'll add も (the 'also') to the particles list and start a verb(+adjective) conjugation thread later today. Maybe for から/ても and て form/etc: a 'connecting sentences' thread? I honestly have no idea how to set any of this out with any order anyway lol If you wanna post anything, please feel free to. ♥
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Posted: Mon Feb 14, 2011 6:27 pm
Jade-Maree S'all good xD I'm just posting stuff when I have time/when boredom strikes. I'll add も (the 'also') to the particles list and start a verb(+adjective) conjugation thread later today. Maybe for から/ても and て form/etc: a 'connecting sentences' thread? I honestly have no idea how to set any of this out with any order anyway lol If you wanna post anything, please feel free to. ♥ I could probably do one on want stuffs. Maybe one on neg. and pas neg. once I have the time? ^^;;
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Posted: Mon Feb 14, 2011 6:37 pm
iGoRawrX Jade-Maree S'all good xD I'm just posting stuff when I have time/when boredom strikes. I'll add も (the 'also') to the particles list and start a verb(+adjective) conjugation thread later today. Maybe for から/ても and て form/etc: a 'connecting sentences' thread? I honestly have no idea how to set any of this out with any order anyway lol If you wanna post anything, please feel free to. ♥ I could probably do one on want stuffs. Maybe one on neg. and pas neg. once I have the time? ^^;;
S'all good. Whatever works xD
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Posted: Mon Feb 14, 2011 6:46 pm
Jade-Maree iGoRawrX Jade-Maree S'all good xD I'm just posting stuff when I have time/when boredom strikes. I'll add も (the 'also') to the particles list and start a verb(+adjective) conjugation thread later today. Maybe for から/ても and て form/etc: a 'connecting sentences' thread? I honestly have no idea how to set any of this out with any order anyway lol If you wanna post anything, please feel free to. ♥ I could probably do one on want stuffs. Maybe one on neg. and pas neg. once I have the time? ^^;;
S'all good. Whatever works xD I hope you don't mind if I post a U/C thread and just update it. :]
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Posted: Mon Feb 14, 2011 7:16 pm
iGoRawrX Jade-Maree iGoRawrX Jade-Maree S'all good xD I'm just posting stuff when I have time/when boredom strikes. I'll add も (the 'also') to the particles list and start a verb(+adjective) conjugation thread later today. Maybe for から/ても and て form/etc: a 'connecting sentences' thread? I honestly have no idea how to set any of this out with any order anyway lol If you wanna post anything, please feel free to. ♥ I could probably do one on want stuffs. Maybe one on neg. and pas neg. once I have the time? ^^;;
S'all good. Whatever works xD I hope you don't mind if I post a U/C thread and just update it. :]
I don't mind at all ♥
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Posted: Mon Mar 14, 2011 10:14 am
Um, sorry to correct, but I've seen a few people who've just used a '?' at the end of a sentence, so I was glad you used "ka" properly ♥ But you used a '?' after it, instead of a period xD Sorry about that sweatdrop I think I'm right lol.. I probably shouldn't be going around correcting, but I just wanted to point it out lol Dx
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Posted: Tue Mar 15, 2011 5:08 am
Little Red-chan Um, sorry to correct, but I've seen a few people who've just used a '?' at the end of a sentence, so I was glad you used "ka" properly ♥ But you used a '?' after it, instead of a period xD Sorry about that sweatdrop I think I'm right lol.. I probably shouldn't be going around correcting, but I just wanted to point it out lol Dx I tend to use a '?' after 'ka' when I'm using romaji, mainly because it's easier to differentiate what I'm saying if/when I'm using romaji a lot. But if it's annoying I can change it?
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Posted: Tue Mar 15, 2011 8:42 am
No, sorry lol, just being a freakin' dork sweatdrop
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