HIF-1 is considered a central regulator of the
MK-0752 responses of cancer cells to hypoxia [6], [7] and [8] and is responsible for gene expressions that influence angiogenesis, modulation glucose metabolism, cell proliferation, survival, and invasion in solid tumors during tumor progression and metastasis [9], [10], [11], [12], [13] and [14]. Intratumoral hypoxia and genetic alterations can lead to HIF-1α overexpression [15]. In animal models, HIF-1α overexpression is associated with increased tumor growth, vascularization, and metastasis, whereas HIF-1 loss-of-function has the opposite effect;
logistic growth model findings validate HIF-1α as an attractive target [15], [16] and [17]. Recently, considerable effort has been directed to the discovery of HIF-1 inhibitors, from chemical libraries and natural products alike [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25] and [26]. These inhibitors reportedly regulate the HIF-1 signaling pathway through a variety of molecular mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation, folding, stabilization, nuclear translocation, degradation, and transactivation.
