The most basic wacom model is about 80$ USD. There's
a slightly upgraded (not really anything worthwhile feature-wise I think?) that comes with some basic art software. But I've never used that model specifically, so I can't really recommend it. I do recommend wacoms in general, because I find that my wacom and others I've used seem to have better longevity and fewer hiccups in use than the cheaper competitors. But a lot of that is luck to not get a lemon, and treating it right.
As far as software, the good stuff will set you back. Painter and Photoshop will both break your budget. Paint Tool Sai is a lot cheaper, as is Open Canvas (though Sai seems to have a better community for support than OC does these days.)
There are free options like Open Canvas 1.1 (an extremely old program - it's something crazy like over 10 years old or something iirc) or the Gimp, but your mileage may vary on free programs. If you have free time though, I would recommend playing around with free ones. It'll give you more of a feel for what is out there and what you're looking for in a program.
I'm not great at giving recommendations for programs because I've been using Photoshop for about fifteen years and every time I try a new program it just isn't Photoshop, so I end up slinking back. But you'll only find the one that fits your needs best if you figure out what your needs are.
You can do your workflow however you want with digital, there's no set guidelines. Personally, I like to sketch with pen or pencil instead of digitally. I find I make more free, loose sketches that way. Also, I have CTS and inking digitally is a little rougher on my wrists than traditional, so I like to ink traditionally when I do a piece with lineart. A scanner helps, but if you've got a good phone camera and direct sunlight, you can do without these days. So for example:
traditional lines,
digital finished version. And
traditional preliminary sketch to start, then
digitally I start working over that to tighten up anatomy and crap for a painting that'll be done otherwise all digitally. But your workflow doesn't have to match mine or anyone else's.
And because generally speaking there is always the awkward thing when it comes to any conversation about beginning digital and not being able to afford the programs - if you do ever decide to pirate anything,
use caution.
Art programs are and always have been over-pirated and are a fast ticket to an infected computer. Regardless of whether or not you would ever try it, someone reading might and part of being a digital-painting adult is having to make sure someone gives proverbial kids "the talk."
wink