ninja Jutsu Types
Taijutsu -- (体術, "Body techniques", or more figuratively hand-to-hand combat) refers to any techniques involving the martial arts or the optimisation of natural human abilities in general. In some cases chakra is involved to enhance the techniques, but generally speaking a Taijutsu user can fare well without much chakra available compared to a Genjutsu or Ninjutsu user.
Genjutsu -- (幻術, "Illusion Techniques") are techniques that use the chakra in the victim's nervous system to create illusions; an advanced intellectual Ninjutsu. The most commonly seen Genjutsu is simple creation of phantasms- causing the targeted person to hear, see, smell, taste and feel things that are not actually there in order to manipulate them; other applications of Genjutsu are rare.
There are several ways to counter Genjutsu. Because it uses the victim's own chakra against him, he can cancel the genjutsu by trying to stop, and thereby disrupt, his own chakra flow. This is called Genjutsu Kai (幻術解, "Illusion Technique Cancel"). If this doesn't work, then the only way for the victim to cancel the Genjutsu is having someone else disrupt his chakra flow with theirs through body contact. It has also been seen that if a person caused themself a "shocking" pain (such as a stab wound or broken finger) that they will wake up as well. It should be noted, however, that in the case of some high-level Genjutsu techniques that even pain will not break the Jutsu.
Ninjutsu -- (忍術, "Ninja Techniques") is hard to define; it is basically any technique that does not fall under either Taijutsu or Genjutsu, which means that it uses sources outside those naturally available to the body or the mind to accomplish its task. Ninjutsu relies on chakra and, most of the times, hand seals (印, In) (Sequential positions the hands are put into in order to mold chakra in the necessary manner to perform a jutsu).
Kekkei Genkai -- (瞳術, "Bloodline Limits") are abilities passed down genetically in specific clans. Most clans have developed special jutsu related to their Kekkei genkai (Like the Hyūga's Hakkeshō Kaiten or the Kaguya's Sawarabi no Mai). Kekkei genkai and their related jutsu can't be copied by the Sharingan. Kekkei genkai abilities that work via the user's eye are called Doujutsu (瞳術, "Pupil Techniques").
Doujutsu -- (瞳術, "Pupil Techniques") abilities that work via the user's eye
Fūin jutsu-- (封印術, "Sealing techniques") - the "seal" here may refer to marks upon the body rather than "sealing" something, although the latter is often still the case.
Kinjutsu -- Forbidden jutsu
S-rank: Secret: extreme level jutsu
A-rank: Kinjutsu: ultra high level jutsu
B-rank: Jounin level jutsu
C-rank: Chuunin level jutsu
D-rank: Genin level jutsu
E-rank: Academy student level jutsu
No rank: Jutsu relying on the unique abilities of the users (Kekkei genkai, Hiden jutsu --- Bloodline Jutsus)