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 Posted: Tue Oct 07, 2008 5:47 pm
Mostly posting some notes right now, to see what people think.
The alphabet:
a b ch d e f g h i k l m n o p r s S t u v w y z
(y is a weak vowel and must be combined with another vowel when used)
(I'll post a formal alphabet later, with the actual written characters.)
IPA pronunciation: (This is subject to change)
a - ɑː
b - b
ch - x
d - d
e - eɪ
f - f
g - g
h - h
i - ɪ
k - k
l - l
m - m
n - n
o - oʊ
p - p
r - ɾ
s - s
S - ʒ
t - t
u - uː
v - v
w - ʍ
y - j
z - z
Sentence order:
predicate (adverb) subject (adjective) object (adjective) (prepositional phrase)
Pronouns:
1st person - ha / haku
2nd person - re / reku
3rd persion - sa / saku
~All verbs are formed from the root~
Present tense (I do/I am doing)
-ha / -haku
-re / -reku
-sa / -saku
Past tense (I did/I have done)
-hane / -haneku
-rene / -reneku
-sane / -saneku
Future tense (I will do/I will have done)
-hari / -hariku
-reri / -reriku
-sari / -sariku
Imperitive form: -inat (Do!)
For instance, the root n-f-r
nefara - to write (the infinitive is formed by adding vowels to the root)
nefaraha | nefarahaku
nefarare | nefarareku
nefarasa | nefarasaku
However...
nafera - to read
nafare - to recite
nufare - to sing
nuferu - to compose (music)
The meaning of the word changes based on the vowel points inserted into the word (ala the Semitic languages, like Hebrew or Arabic)
N-F-R also becomes a noun...
NeFRaka - this language!
NeFRibon - book
NeFRba - story
Soooo... CvCCxxxxx where C is a root consonant, v is a vowel, and x can be a supporting consonant or a vowel. Roots form the entire basis of the language, all parts of speech can be constructed from roots!
R-N-K - visual and performing arts
N-F-R - writing and literature
K-B-CH - food, drink and eating
B-K-N - prayer
K-R-M - movement
M-N-R - coming and going, passages
D-F-T - rest and sleep, peace
CH-D-G - struggle, fighting, might
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Posted: Sat Oct 11, 2008 7:26 pm
Can you explain exactly how it's pronounced, specially the vowels?
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Posted: Mon Oct 13, 2008 5:07 pm
Sano Parmandil Can you explain exactly how it's pronounced, specially the vowels? Sure... I'll need a little time, but I can do that.
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Posted: Mon Oct 13, 2008 7:18 pm
It does sound interesting, but just one more note - do you know about allophones? To give an example: a sound who has 2 allophones is a sound that can be pronounced in two ways, in different "environments": let's say that the phoneme a is pronounced a: before two consonants; therefore, a: is the allophone of a before two consonants.
That being said, it would be better if you included some allophones to you system, probably in a, e, o, u and w (maybe just really a e o u w?) in some positions, to make this more interesting and also a little less standart-english-y (of course, if you're trying to avoid a conlang that sounds similar to english). Or maybe you could put a e o u w as the main phonemes and ɑː eɪ oʊ uː ʍ as the allophones in certain positions.
Also, a more pratical way to describe your word order is simply stating where is the verb, the subject and the object, in this case, VSO, and say that adjectives come after the nouns they modify, and the subordinate clauses (if that's what you meant by prepositonal phrase) go after the main clause.
Edit: And, in "Myunora ne`nefria Nefraka!" what the ' stands for? It doesn't appear in your phonology...
And about the verbs, how do they represent number? Or they simply don't?
Also, the diffeences between I do/I'm doing, I did/I have done, and I'll do/I'll have done art what is called aspect. I do, I did, and I'll do are in the Simple Aspect, I'm eating is in the Progressive or Continuous Aspect, and I have done and I'll have done are in the Perfect Aspect. Usually languages that have the Perfect Aspect use it to mark actions which are already completed, while using the simple aspect to don't sepcify whether the action is completed or not or to mark uncompleted actions (therefore having an Imperfective conotation).
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Posted: Fri Oct 24, 2008 1:23 pm
Sano Parmandil It does sound interesting, but just one more note - do you know about allophones? To give an example: a sound who has 2 allophones is a sound that can be pronounced in two ways, in different "environments": let's say that the phoneme a is pronounced a: before two consonants; therefore, a: is the allophone of a before two consonants. That being said, it would be better if you included some allophones to you system, probably in a, e, o, u and w (maybe just really a e o u w?) in some positions, to make this more interesting and also a little less standart-english-y (of course, if you're trying to avoid a conlang that sounds similar to english). Or maybe you could put a e o u w as the main phonemes and ɑː eɪ oʊ uː ʍ as the allophones in certain positions. Also, a more pratical way to describe your word order is simply stating where is the verb, the subject and the object, in this case, VSO, and say that adjectives come after the nouns they modify, and the subordinate clauses (if that's what you meant by prepositonal phrase) go after the main clause. Edit: And, in "Myunora ne`nefria Nefraka!" what the ' stands for? It doesn't appear in your phonology... And about the verbs, how do they represent number? Or they simply don't? Also, the diffeences between I do/I'm doing, I did/I have done, and I'll do/I'll have done art what is called aspect. I do, I did, and I'll do are in the Simple Aspect, I'm eating is in the Progressive or Continuous Aspect, and I have done and I'll have done are in the Perfect Aspect. Usually languages that have the Perfect Aspect use it to mark actions which are already completed, while using the simple aspect to don't sepcify whether the action is completed or not or to mark uncompleted actions (therefore having an Imperfective conotation). Aspect was the feature of verbs that I was the most unclear about-- I can think of a logical system to indicate them in the Nefraka verb structure (by the application of a prefix to indicate Progressive and Perfect aspects.) That does clear up a great deal, actually, so I'm glad you did point that out to me. -ku is the plural marker on nouns and verbs, is attached to the personal pronoun markers ha/re/sa to indicate the plural. Singular and plural are the only two types of number that exist grammatically, though I might change that later. I'm still working that out. I should add the ` to the alphabet, since it's something of a gloital stop (like hamza/ء is in Arabic). It's used to indicate a relationship of direction (to the store, on the box, behind the truck, above the house.) The phrase ne`nefria Nefraka would be to the Nefraka language. I hope that clears things up a little. I'll make further edits to the main post a little later, about your other points. ^^ Again, thanks!
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Posted: Sat Oct 25, 2008 6:04 pm
I'm glad I could help ^^
Also, have you thought more about nouns? Does your language express case grammatically, or with prepositions and syntax, as in english, or perhaps something completely different...?
Also, if you feel unsure about having, maybe, a dual, just say that most of it is archaic and only survives in some common constructions, like two eyes, two hands, etc.
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Posted: Sun Oct 26, 2008 12:29 pm
Sano Parmandil I'm glad I could help ^^ Also, have you thought more about nouns? Does your language express case grammatically, or with prepositions and syntax, as in english, or perhaps something completely different...? Also, if you feel unsure about having, maybe, a dual, just say that most of it is archaic and only survives in some common constructions, like two eyes, two hands, etc. I had been operating under the assumption that I would use syntax to indicate case-- where a word falls generally within the sentence determines its whether it's a subject, object or so on. I think using case endings might make for words that become a little too unwieldy to pronounce. I do like the dual as being an obsolete part of speech that only remains in a few words. I'll have to consider that as I start working on numbers. ^^ Thanks!
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Posted: Sun Oct 26, 2008 7:18 pm
MassuReverse Sano Parmandil I'm glad I could help ^^ Also, have you thought more about nouns? Does your language express case grammatically, or with prepositions and syntax, as in english, or perhaps something completely different...? Also, if you feel unsure about having, maybe, a dual, just say that most of it is archaic and only survives in some common constructions, like two eyes, two hands, etc. I had been operating under the assumption that I would use syntax to indicate case-- where a word falls generally within the sentence determines its whether it's a subject, object or so on. I think using case endings might make for words that become a little too unwieldy to pronounce. I do like the dual as being an obsolete part of speech that only remains in a few words. I'll have to consider that as I start working on numbers. ^^ Thanks! Well, there are many languages that use all sorts of sound changes and rules to avoid complex consonantal clusters in their case systems, but I like the idea of a "case-less" conlang, as it is somewhat rare. It also allows for syntatical complexity, while most of conlangers sadly avoid complex syntax rules. 3nodding And again, I'm very glad I helped you 3nodding
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