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Well first off there is no 'The' in Japanese, nor is there any 'a'.

Whether or not the english equivalent of a word is 'the' or 'a' is understood by the context of the sentence.

There also is no plural form in Japanese, the number is also by the context.

so, buta (pig) could mean 'the pig' 'the pigs' 'a pig' or 'pigs'.

*nod nod* I understand a lilltle of it~!! <3 Thank you so much! I hope you can keep helping me in a furute this is language that I dream to learn someday smile , I'll be stuying what you post! <3

OK! Hold on I'm writing a big one on the verbs and making it all, make-sense-ey.

OKAY. Now.
Hopefully in this I wont make horribly stupid mistakes like completely forgetting 'wa'. x_x;;

You can usually tell a Japanese verb because it ens in u. In Japanese there are 3 groups of verbs (Hey, kinda like Spanish).

- U verbs. These, surprise surprise, end in u!
- IRU/ERU verbs - Aptly named for ending in iru or eru. (But you have to watch out because sometimes a verb that ends in -iru or -eru is actually a -u verb).
then, the 2 nonconformists, 'Kuru' (to make) and 'Suru' (to do).

Luckily they don't have to conjugate, they just are changed with what tense of time you're talking about (Past, present).

Japanese does not have a future tense;- it rather uses a 'present' (Or better named 'Non-Past') tense for both present and past tense verbs. The other oddity, is that Japanese verbs are at different levels of politeness depending on hwo you use them.

Okay, so, let's start simple;-

Present tense.
To do present tense informally, you just keep the word stock, in its dictionary form.

To do present tense formally you have to change it a little;-
U verbs: replace the final -u with 'imasu' (which is pronounced "ee-mahs", generally - just like how 'desu' is 'dess' and not 'desoo', you don't pronounce that final u in 'imasu').

Iru/Eru verbs - Do the same thing.

Kuru - Kimasu
Suru - Shimasu (Like, Onegaishimasu. "Favor-do-formal" 'Please do this favor').

Past tense
You are going to hate past tense. Or at least, I hate past tense.

Formal past tense is really easy.
U verbs: replace that -u with -imashita.
IRU/ERU - replace -ru with -mashita.
Kuru - Kimashita
Suru - Shimashita

Simple as ...Something easy. Right? Right. Now here's where we compensate for that ease!

Informal past tense (With practice it comes easy but since I haven't practiced it's taken me a few "UHHH"'s to type this up sweatdrop So correct me if I'm wrong but I'm pretty sure I'm right!)

-U verbs: They break up. Oh, oh, how they break up.
If it ends in -
ku, turn the ku into 'ita'. (Aruku (to walk) turns into aruita).

If it ends in su, the su turns to 'shita'. (hanasu (Speak) turns into hanashita).

If it ends in gu, gu turns into ida. (Can't think of any verbs that end in gu. My prowess is grammar, not vocabulary, and man is it rusty).

if it ends in nu, bu, or mu, you change those three endings into 'nda' (I can only remember that one because of 'nomu' "to drink" turns into "nonda" and that rhymes with Honda. Yes, my brain is retarded, thankyou).

If it ends in ru, tsu, or plain old u, you make it 'tta'. (Wakaru (to understand) -> Wakatta).

I think I got them all.
DOESNT THAT LOOK FUN? D:!!!
I made a stupid little poem to help remember it but I completely forgot it. sweatdrop

BUT THAT'S JUST THE 'U' VERBS!
xD Nah, it gets easier from there.
IRU/ERU - hack off that ru and make it into a 'ta'. Simple! (Miru - to look - turns into mita. I only remember miru because it's like mira in Spanish which means the same thing).

And then
Kuru - Kita
Suru - Shita.

Now, saying something doesn't or didn't happen;-

Present tense negative
Already mentioned this earlier but my post was rushed so it turned into LOLZ!

Anyway.
INFORMAL
U verbs;-
If it ends in -u, you replace the u with 'anai'. (Uhhh. Christ, I'm even listening to Japanese music RIGHT NOW, youd think I could come up with a word. >_>; Kurikaesu!

Kurikaesu (to repeat) -> kurikaesanai. (does/will not repeat).

If it ends in a vowel and u, replace the u with 'wanai'.
Utau (Sing) -> Utawanai. (Doesnt/will not sing)

FORMAL-
U verbs - Replace the u with imasen.
Iru/eru verbs - replce the ru with masen.
Kuru - Kimasen.
Suru - Shimasen.

Past tense negative
FORMAL -
You take the 'imasen' form, and smack a 'deshita' at the end of it.

hajimeru (Begin) -> hajimemasen deshita. (did not begin).

Kuru - kimasen deshita
Suru - Shimasen deshita.

INFORMAL -
Remember that -(w)anai thing? Well hack off the -nai part of (w)anai, and replace it with 'nakatta'.

Taberu - to eat - 'tabenai' - will/does not eat - 'tabenakatta' - did not eat.

I hope that one made more sense than did the first go around!

Sorry that took so long. The first time I tried to submit the post it was like. LAWLZ YOU ARENT EVEN LOGGED IN DO OVER. I wasn't pleased.

Holy crap. This is random but I'm finally paying attention to the lyrics in songs I listen to and DSJFJSDFDSGSDJK this is a long sentence, you know that song Syunikiss, by Malice Mizer with Gackt? D:

I also thought it would be a cool way to point out the difference between 'wa' and 'ga'.

Okay, 'wa', like Jewish pointed out, indicates that whatever word went right before it, is the subject of the sentence (it is designated by the hirigana 'ha', so you might see it typed 'ha' sometimes. Like, Konnichi wa or konnichi ha, but they're both pronounced the same way).

So, neko wa kuroi (desu). Yes, it's a crappy idiotic sentence.
It means "The cat is black/cats are black". That translates nicely into an English sentence. Cat is the subject.

Now we'll try out some sentences that aren't so readily translated in English.
Japanese will readily drop any extraneous information in a sentence if it can be understood by the context.
"Anata no namae wa nan desu ka" (what is your name?) Can be shortened, if you're speaking informally, to simply, "Namae wa?"

I once read 'wa' is best translated as, 'As for'.
So this is, "As for your name, (what is it)?"

Now for another sentence. This one, the content of 'wa' was more specified to me on japanese.about.com. If you go to their basic lessons section (It moves so slow!) you'll find a little setting at a restaurant. The speakers go to order, and the guy goes:
"Boku wa sushi".
This does not mean 'I am sushi' (but that'd make for an interesting motionpicture).

Remember how I said 'wa' can be best translated as 'as for'. So, considering 'wa' marks 'boku' (Masculine, informal 'I/me') as the grammatical subject, then it goes:
"As for me, (I'd like to have) sushi."

Now 'ga'. Ga is...Hard to explain, actually. In textbooks you read that it makes whatever word that is placed before it, into the topic (not the subject). Like, if you were to introduce a new topic in a sentence, or you use it for emphasis. I'm not a professional at explaining but here's my go for it:

In the song Syunikiss by Malice Mizer, the very first words are:
kimi ga kurikaesu hitorigoto wa kimi no saigo ni boku ga sakenda kotoba.

This translates into
"The words you were repeating during your last (moments) were the words that I cried/screamed".

Note that 'wa' marks 'hitorigoto' (soliloquy, words, etc.) as the topic. This makes it so that if you write,

"I cried the words that you repeated in your last moments" a completely a**-backwards and wrong translation, because then 'I' would be the subject.

The 'ga's though break up the sentence:
Kimi ga - You. This introduces you as the topic of the sentence, but not the grammatical subject.
boku ga - Me. This introduces a new actor in the sentence but yet again not the grammatical subject.

In English you use 'that' in a sort of similar way, or at least, I think so.
"The words that you were repeating in your last moments were the words that I cried."

kimi ga kurikaesu hitorigoto wa kimi no saigo ni boku ga sakenda kotoba."

I really hope that made at least some sort of sense o_o;;.

Thanks, gonna need that.

Did I ever reccomend 3yen yet?

well, http://www.3yen.com <--- Now I have. domokun