The Dicio Coven Book of Shadows

[Wiccan_Scorpio]

Herbal Cross Reference Listing

Common Name ~ Botanical Name ~ Folk Names

ACACIA (Acacia senegal) Also called Gum Arabic Tree, Cape Gum, or Egyptian Thorn
AGRIMONY (Agrimonia eupatoria) Also called Church Steeples, Cocklebur, Garclive, Philanthropos, Sticklewort, Stickwort
ALLSPICE (Pimemta dioica or officinalis) Also known as Pimento, Jamaica Pepper
ALMOND (Prunus dulcis) Also called Sweet Almond
ALOE Aloe vera or Aloe ssp.) Also called Burn Plant, Medicine Plant
ANGELICA (Angelica archangelica) Also called Wild Parsnip, Herb of Angels, Archange, Masterwort, Angel Food
ANISE (Pimpinella anisum) Also called Aniseed, Anneys
APPLE (Malus spp.) Also called Fruit of the Gods, Fruit of the underworld, Silver Branch, The Silver Bough, Tree of Love
ASAFETIDA (Ferula asafoetida) Also called Assyfetida, Devils Dung, Food of the Gods
ASH TREE (Fraxinus americana or excelsior) Also called Nion, Common Ash, Weeping Ash
AVENS (Geum urbanum ) Also known as Colewort, Herb Bennet, City Avens, Wild Rye, Way Bennet, Goldy Star, Clove Root
BARBERRY (Berberis vulgaris ) Also known as Berbery, Pipperidge Bush, Berberis Dumetorum
BASIL (Oncimum basilicum) Also called Sweet Basil, Common Basil, Albahaca, American Dittenay, "Our Herb", St. Joseph's Wort, Sweet Basil, Witches Herb
BAYBERRY (Myrica cerifera) Also called Wax Myrtle, Myrica, Candle Berry, Arbre à suif, Myricæ cortex, Tallow Shrub, Wachsgagle
BAY LAUREL (Laurus nobilis) Also called Sweet Bay, Bay tree, Baie, Daphne, Grecian Laurel, Laurel, Laurier d'Apollon, Laurier Sauce, Lorbeer, Noble Laurel, Roman Laurel.
BEARBERRY (Arctostaphylow Urva-Ursi) Also called Arbutus Uva-Ursi, Uva Ursi
BEE BALM (Monarda didyma) Also called Bergamot, Scarlet Monarda, Oswego Tea
BENZOIN (Styrax benzoin) Also called Ben, Benjamen, Gum Benjamin, Gum Benzoin, Siam Benzoin, Siamese Benzoin, Sumatra Benzoin
BERGAMOT (Citrus bergamia) Also called Orange Mint, Orange Bergamot
BERGAMOT MINT (Mentha x piperita 'citrata')
BETONY (Stachys officonalis or Stachys betonica or Betonica officinalis) Also called Wood Betony, Bishopwort, Lousewort, Purple Betony
BIRCH (Betula alba) Also called Common Birch, White Birch, Beithe, Bereza, Berke, Beth, Bouleau, Lady of the Woods, Monoecia triandria, B. pubescens, B. verrucosa
BLACKBERRY (Rubus fructicosus); ((Rubus villosus)American Blackberry) Also called Bly, Bramble, Brombeere, Fingerberry, Bramble-Kite, Bumble-Kite, Cloudberry, Dewberry, Thimbleberry, Brummel, Brameberry, Scaldhead, Brambleberry, R. cuneifolius
BLACKTHORN (Prunus spinosa) Also called Sloe, Mother of the Wood, Wishing Thorn
BORAGE (Borago officinalis) Also called Bugloss, Burrage, Herb of Gladness
BRIAR ROSE (Rosa rubiginosa) Also called Wild Rose, Hip, Old Garden Rose
BROOM (Genista scoparius syn. Cytisus scoparius and Sarothamnus scoparious) Also known as Scotch Broom, Banal, Basam, Besom, Bisom, Bizzon, Breeam, Broom Tops, Brum, Genista Green Broom, Irish Tops, Link, Irish broom.
CAMPHOR (Cinnamomum camphora) Also called Laurel Camphor, Gum Camphor
CARAWAY (Carum carvi) Also called Caraway Seed
CARDAMOM (Elettario cardamomum) Also known as Amomum Cardamonum, Alpinia Cardamomum, Matonia cardamomu, Cardamomum minus, Amomum repens, Cardamomi Semina, Cardamom Seeds, Malabar, Cardamums, Ebil, Kakelah seghar, Capalaga, Gujattati elachi, Ilachi, Ailum
CARNATION (Dianthus caryophyllus) Also called Pink , Clove Pink, Gillies, Gillieflower, Jove's Flower, Nelka, Scaffold Flower, Sops-In-Wine, Gilly Flower.
CASSIA (Cinnamomum aromaticum var. cassia) b*****d Cinnamon, Chinese Cinnamon, Cassia lignea, Cassia Bark, Cassia aromaticum, Canton Cassia
CATNIP (Nepeta Catoria) Also called Cat, Catmint, Catnep, Catrup, Cat's Wort, Field Balm, Nepeta, n**
CEDARWOOD (Cedrus libani or Cedrus spp. or Thuja occidentalis or T. spp) Also known as Cedar, Tree of Life, Arbor Vitae (Thuja occidentalis) or Yellow Cedar (T. occidentalis)
CELANDINE, GREATER (Chelidonium majus) Common Celandine, Garden Celandine
CELANDINE, LESSER (Ranunculus ficaria) Small Celandine, Figwort, Smallwort, Pilewort
CHAMOMILE (Chamaemelum nobile or Anthemis nobilis) Also called Roman chamomile, English chamomile, Perennial Chamomile, Wild Chamomile, Camomyle, Chamaimelon, Maythen (Saxon), Whig plant, Heermannchen (German), Manzanilla (Spanish), Ground Apple.
CHERRY (Prunus serotina) Also known as Black Cherry, Wild Cherry, Sweet Cherry (P. avium), Virginian Prune, Chokecherry (P. virginiana).
CINNAMON (Cinnamomum verum or zeylanicum) Also called Sweet Wood, Laurus cinnamomum
CINQUEFOIL (Pontentilla reptans) Also called Five Fingered Grass, Creeping cinquefoil, Crampweed, Five Fingered Blossom, Goosegrass, Goose Tansy, Moor Grass, Pentaphylon, Silver Cinquefoil, Silverweed, Sunkfield, Synkefoyle, Five Finger Grass, Five Leaved Grass.
CLARY SAGE Salvia sclarea) Clarry, Orvale, Toute-bonne, Clear Eye, See Bright, Eyebright
CLOVE (Syzgium aromaticum) Also known as Eugenia aromatica
CLUB MOSS (Lycopodium selago or clavatum) Also called Selago, Foxtail, Lycopod, Vegetable Sulpher, Wolf Claw or Stag's Horn Moss. Also known as Muscus terrestris repens
COLTSFOOT (Tussilago farfara) Also called Horsehoof, Horsefoot, Foal's Foot, Coughwort, Hallfoot, a**'s Foot, Foalswort, Fieldhove, Bullsfoot, Donnhove, Pas d'âne (French)
COMFREY (Symphytum officonale) Also called Slippery Root, Knitbone, Blackwort, Assear, Black Wort, Boneset, Bruisewort, Consolida, Consound, Gum Plant, Healing Herb, Knit Back, Yalluc (Saxon), a** Ear, Miracle Herb, Wallwort
COPAL (Bursera odorata)
CORIANDER (Coriandrum sativum) Also called Chinese Parsley, Cilantro, Cilentro, Culantro
CUMIN (Cuminum cyminum) Also called Cumino aigro (Malta)
CYPRESS (Cupressus sempervirens) Also called Tree of Death
DANDELION (taraxacum officinale) Also called Blowball, Cankerwort, Lion's Tooth, Piss-a-Bed, Priest's Crown, Puffball, Swine Snout, White Endive, Wild Endive
DILL (Anethum graveolens) Also called Aneton, Dill Weed, Dilly, Garden Dill.
DRAGONS BLOOD (Draceana draco spp.) Also called Blood, Blume, Calumus draco, Draconis resina, Sanguis draconis, Dragon's Blood Palm.
ECHINACEA (Echinacea angustifolia) Also called Black Sampson, Coneflower, Purple Coneflower, Niggerhead, Rudbeckia, Brauneria pallida
ELDER (Sambucus canadensis or nigra) Also known as Ellhorn (Low Saxon), Hollunder (German), Elderberry, Lady Elder, Black Berried Elder, Old Gal, Old Lady, Pipe Tree, Rob Elder, Tree of Doom, Bour Tree (14th Century), Bore Tree, Elrum, Alhuren, Battree, Hylder, Hylantree, Eldrum (Anglo-Saxon), Sureau (French), Sweet Elder.
ELECAMPANE (Inula Helenium ) Also called Scabwort, Elf Dock, Wild Sunflower, Horesheal, Velvet Dock
ELM (Ulmus campestris ) Also called, Ulmi cortex, Broad-Leaved Elm, Ulmus suberosa, Common Elm
EUCALYPTUS (Eucalyptus spp.) Also called Blue Gum Tree, Stringy Bark Tree
LEMON EUCALYPTUS (E. citriodora) Also called Citron Scented Gum, Lemon Gum
EYEBRIGHT (Euphrasia officinalis) Also called Euphrosyne, Red Eyebright, Euphrasia
FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare) Also called Fenkel, Sweet Fennel, Wild Fennel
FERNS
Male Fern (Dryopteris filixmas) Also Called Male Shield Fern
Lady Fern (Asplenium Felix-foemina ) Also known as Athrythium Filix-foemina
Maidenhair Fern, True (Adiantum Capillus-veneris ) Also known as Capillaire commun, de Montpellier, Hair of Venus
Maidenhair Fern, Common (Asplenium trichomanes )
Shield Fern (Aspidium spinulosum) Also called Prickly-Toothed Shield Fern
Spleenwort, Common (Asplenium ceterach) Also called Scaly Fern, Finger Fern, Miltwaste, Ceterach (Arabian)
Spleenwort, Black (Asplenium Adiantum nigrum) Also called Black Maidenhair
Wall Rue (Asplenium Ruta-muraria ) Also called White Maidenhair, Tenwort
Hart's Tongue (Scolopendrium vulgare; Asplenium scolopendrium) Also called Hind's Tongue, Buttonhole, Horse Tongue, God's-hair, Lingua cervina
Bracken (Pteris aquilina) Also called Brake Fern, Female Fern
Polypody, Common (Polypodium vulgare) Polypody of the Oak, Wall Fern, Brake Root, Rock Brake, Rock of Polypody, Oak Fern (Old)
Royal Fern (Osmunda regalis) Osmund the Waterman, Heart of Osmund, Water Fern, Bog Onion
Adder's Tongue, English (Ophioglossum vulgatum) Christ's Spear
Moonwort (Botrychium lunaria)
FEVERFEW (Tanacetum parthenum)also (Chrysanthemum parthenium) Also known as Featherfoil, Febrifuge Plant, Flirtwort, Featherfew, Pyrethrum Parthenium, Bachelor's Buttons
FIR, SILVER (Abies alba) Also known as Birth Tree.
FLAX (Linum usitatissimum) Also called Linseed.
FOXGLOVE (Digitalis purpurea) Also known as Fairy Gloves, Fairy Fingers, Dead Men's Bells, Cow-Flop, Digitalis, Dog;s Finger, Fairy Weed, Fairy Petticoats, Fairy Ghimbles, Floppy-Dock, Floptop Folk's Gloves, Fox Bells, The Great Herb, Mouth, Lusmore, Lus na mbau side (Irish Gaelic), Our Lady's Glove, Witches Bells, Witches Thimbles.
FRANKINCENSE (Boswellia carterii) Also called Incense, Olibans, Olibanum, Olibanus
FUMITORY (Fumaria officinalis ) Also called Earth Smoke, Beggary, Fumus, Vapor, Nidor, Fumus Terræ, Fumiterry, Scheiterigi, Taubenkropp, Kaphnos, Wax Dolls
GALANGAL (Alpinia officionalis or A. galanga) Also known as Low John the Conquerer, Chewing John, China Root, Colic Root, East India Catarrh Root, Galingal, Gargaut, India Root, Kaempferia Gaanga, Rhizoma galangae, Galanga, Kæmpferia Galange, Siamese Ginger.
GARDENIA (Gardenia jasmenoides)
GARLIC (Allium sativum) Also known by Ajo (Spanish), Poor Man's Treacle, Stinkweed
GERANIUM (Pelargonium spp.) Also known as Scented Geranium
GINGER (Zingiber officinale) Also called African Ginger
GINSENG Oriental(Panax ginseng)or North American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) Also called Sang, Wonder of the World Root, Tartar Root, Five Fingers, Red Berry, Man's Health, Aralia quinquefolia
HAWTHORN (Cratageus spp.) Also known as May Tree, May Blossom, White Thorn, Bread and Cheese Tree, Gaxels, Hagthorn, Halves, Haw, Hazels, Huath, Ladies Meat, May, May Bush, Mayflower, Quick, Thorn, Tree of Chastity.
HAZEL (Corylus avellana) Also called European Filbert, Coll.
HEATHER (Calluna vulgaris, or spp. or Erica spp.) There are more than a thousand cultivars of heather. Also known as Heath, Scottish Heather, Common Heather, Ling.
HOLLY (Ilex aquifolium) The American variety is Ilex opaca Also called Aquifolius, Bat's Wings, Christ's Thorn, Holy Tree, Holm Chaste, Hulm, Hulver Bush, Tinne
HONEYSUCKLE (Lonicera japonica or caprifolium) Also known as Dutch Honeysuckle, Goat's Leaf, Woodbine
HOPS (Humulus lupulus) Also known as Beer Flavor, Beer Flower, (I)Flores de Cerveza.
HOREHOUND (Marrubium vulgare) Also called Bull's Blood, Eye of the Star, Haran, Hoarhound, Huran, Llwyd y cwn (Welsh), Marrubium, baruil, Seed of Horus, Soldier's Tea, White Horehound
HORSETAIL (Equisetum spp.) Also called Bottle Brush, Dutch Rushes, Paddock Pipes, Pewterwort, Shavegrass
HYSSOP Hyssopus officinalis Also called Hyssop Herb, Isopo, Ysopo, Yssop
IVY (Hedera helix) Also known as Common Ivy, Gort, Hedera
JASMINE (Jasminum officinale) Also called Jessamine, Yasmin, Moonlight on the Grove
JUNIPER (Juniperus communis) Also called Enegro, Gemeiner Wachholder (German), Geneva, Gin Berry, Ginepro, Gin Plant, Genévrier,
LADY'S MANTLE (Alchemilla vulgaris) Also called Lion's Foot, Bear's Foot, Nine Hooks, Leontopodium, Sellaria, Pied-de-Lion (French, Frauenmantle (German)
LAVENDER (Lavandula species) Also called Elf Leaf; Nard; Nardus; Spike, Spikenard,
There are at least 28 species of Lavender. Some of the more common are: English Lavender (Lavendula angustifolia or vera or officinalis); French Lavender (L. dentata sp.); Spike Lavender (L. spica, or latifolia); White Lavender (L. angustifolia var. alba); Pink Lavender (L. angustifolia var. nana rosea); Wooly Lavender (L. lanata); Spanish or Italian Lavender (L. stoechas).
LEMON Citrus limon Citrus medica, Citrus Limoum, Citronnier, Neemoo Lemoo, Limoun, Limone
LEMON BALM Melissa officionalis Also called Melissa, Balm, Bee Balm, Sweet Balm, Sweet Melissa
LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus) Also called Melissa Grass, Sereh
LEMON VERBENA (Aloysia triphylla syn. Lippia citriodora) Also called Yerba Louisa, Cedron, Herb Louisa, Verveine citronelle or odorante, Lemon-scented Verbena, Aloysia Citriodora, Verbena triphylla, Lippia triphylla
LICORICE (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Also called Liquorice, Lacris (Welsh), Licourice, Lycorys (13th Century), Reglisse (French), Sweet Root, Liquiritia officinalis, Regolizia (Italian), Lacrisse (German)
LILAC (Syringia vulgaris) Also called Common Lilac
LIME (Citrus limata) Citrus acris, Limettæ Fructus
LINDEN (Tilia spp.) Also called Lime Tree, Linden Flowers, Linn Flowers, Common Lime, Flores Tiliæ, Tilleul
LOOSESTRIFE, PURPLE (Lythrum salicaria) Also called Blooming Sally, Lythrum, Partyke, Purple Willow Herb, Rainbow Weed, Sage Willow, Salicaire
LOTUS (Nelumbo nucifera or Nymphaea lotus) Also called Sacred Lotus
MACE (Myristica fragrans) Also called Arillus Myristicæ, Myristica officinalis, Myristica moschata, Macis, Muscadier
MARIGOLD (Calendula officinalis) Also known as Calendula, Holigold, Pot Marigold, Bride of the Sun, Drunkard, Goldes, Husbandman's Dial, Marybud, Marygold, Mary Gowles, Ruddes, Oculis chrisi, Ruddles, Spousa solis, Summer's Bride.
MARJORAM (Origanum majorana) Also known as Majorana hortensis, Knotted Marjoram, Sweet Marjoram, Wintersweet, Pot Marjoram, Joy of the Mountain, Knotted Marjorane, Marjorlaine, Mountain Mint, (O. onites).
MARSH MALLOW (Althaea officinalis ) Mallards, Mauls, Schloss Tea, Cheeses, Mortification Root, Guimauve (French)
MASTIC (Pistachia lentiscus) Also known as Gum Mastic, Masticke, Lentisk.
MEADOWSWEET (Filipendula ulnaria) Also known as Queen of the Meadow, Gravel Root, Meadowwort, Bride of the Meadow, Bridewort, Dollof, Meadwort, Gravel Root, Little Queen, Steeplebush, Trumpet Weed.
MINTS
Spearmint (Mentha spicata) Also known as Mentha viridis, Garden Mint, Mackerel Mint, Our Lady's Mint, Green Mint, Spire Mint, Sage of Bethlehem, fish Mint, Menthe de Norte Dame, Erba Santa Maria, Grauen Munze, Lamb Mint
Peppermint (Mentha piperata) Also called Brandy Mint
Wild Mint (Mentha sativa) Also called Water or Marsh Mint, Whorled Mint, Hairy Mint. Considered to be a variation of Mentha aquatica.
Corn Mint (Mentha arvensis)
Wild Water Mint (Mentha aquatica) Water Mint, Wild Mint, Marsh Mint
Round-Leaved Mint (Mentha rotundifolia) Also known as Egyptian Mint
Horse Mint (Mentha sylvestris) Also known as English Horse Mint
MISTLETOE (Viscum album)-European Mistletoe (Phoradendron flavenscens) American Mistletoe Also known as Birdlime, All-Heal, Druid's Herb, Golden Bough, Holy Wood, Misseltoe, Thunderbesem, Witches Broom, Wood of the Cross, Devil's Fuge, Donnerbesen, Herbe de la Croi, Mystyldyne, Lignum Crucis, Korean mistletoe (Viscum coloratum)
MUGWORT (Artemisia vulgaris) Also known as Sailor's Tobacco, Witch Herb, Old Man, Artemis Herb, Hartemisia, Felon Herb, Muggons, Naughty Man, Old Uncle Henry, St. John's Plant, Cingulum Sancti Johannis.
MULLEIN (Verbascum thapsus) Also known as Hag's Taper, Candlewick Plant, Aaron's Rod, Velvet Plant, Shepherd's Club, Blanket Leaf, Flannel Pland, Graveyard Dust, Hedge taper, Jupiter's Staff, Lady's Foxglove, Olm Man's Fennel, Peter's Staff, Shepherd's Herb, Torches, Velvetback, Velvet Plant.
MYRRH (Comniphora myrrha) Also called Gum Myrrh Tree, Daran, Mirra Balsom Odendron, Commiphora Myrrha, Mirra, Morr-Didin, Didthin, Bowl
MYRTLE (Myrtus communis)
NUTMEG (Myristica fragrans) Nux Moschata, Myristica offinalis, Myristica, Myristica aromata(
OAK, COMMON (Quercus robur or spp.) Also known as Tanner's Bark, Common Oak, Duir, Jove's Nuts, English Oak
White Oak (Q. alba)
Black Oak (Q. tinctoria)
Red Oak (Q. rubra)
English Oak (Q. robur)
OAKMOSS (Pseudevernia prunastri)
ORANGE, SWEET (Citrus sinensis) Also called Citrus vulgaris, Citrus Bigaradia, Citrus Aurantium amara, Bigaradier, Gigarade Orange, Bitter Orange, Seville Orange, (Sweet) Portugal Orange, China Orange, Citrus dulcis, Love Fruit
ORRIS ROOT (Iris germanica var.florentina Also Called Florentine Iris, Queen Elizabeth Root
PARSLEY (Petroselinum sativum also crispum) Also called Devil's Oatmeal, Percely, Persil, Petersilie, Petroselinum, Roc Parsley
PATCHOULI (Pogostemon patchouli or heyeanus) Also called Pucha-pot or pucha-pat
PINE (Pinus spp.) White Pine (Pinus strobus, Pinus alba) Also called Oil of Turpentine Tree
ROSE (Rosa spp.)
Provins Rose (Rosa gallica) Also referred to as Red Rose especially in The British Pharmacopoeia and the United States Pharmacopoeia
Damask Rose (Rosa damascus)
Musk Rose (Rosa muscatta)
Cabbage Rose (Rosa centifolia) Also known as Hundred-leaved Rose
Dog Rose (Rosa canina)
Wild Rose (Rosa arvensis) Also called Field Rose
Sweet Briar Rose (Rosa rubiginosa) Also known as Eglantine
Burnet Rose (Rosa spinossissima) Also called Scotch Rose or Pimpernel Rose
Downy Rose (Rosa villos )
ROSEMARY (Rosmarinus officinalis) Also called Compass Weed, Dew of the Sea, Elf Leaf, Guardrobe, Incensier, Libanotis (Grek), Polar Plant, Sea Dew
ROWAN (Sorbus aucuparia) Also known as Mountain Ash, Witchwood, Witchbane, Sorb Apple, Delight of the Eye, Quickbane, Ran Tree, Roden-Quicken-Royan, Ronetree, Thor's Helper, Whitty, Wicken-tree, Wiggin, Wiggy, Wiky, Wild Ash, Witchen.
RUE (Ruta graveolens) Also known as Herb of Grace, Garden Rue, Herbygrass, Hreow, Mother of the Herbs, Rewe, Ruta.
SAFFRON (Crocus sativus) Also known as Autumn Crocus, Crocus, Karcom, Krokos, Kunkuma (Sanskrit), Saffer (Arabic), Spanish Saffron
SAGE (Salvia officinalis) Also called Garden Sage, Red Sage, Sawge (Old English), Salvia salvatrix, Narrow-leaved White Sage, Broad-leaved White Sage
ST. JOHN'S WORT (Hypericum perforatum) Also called Amber, Fuga daemonum (Latin for Scare-devil), Goat Weed, Herba John, John's Wort, Kamath Weed, Sol Terrestis, Tipton Weed
SANDALWOOD (Santalum album) Also known as Sandal, Santal, White Sandalwood, White Saunders, Yellow Sandalwood, Sanders Wood
SPEARMINT (Mentha spicata) Also called Garden Mint, Our Lady's Mint, Sage of Bethlehem, Erba Santa Maria, Brown Mint, Lamb Mint, Green Mint, Yerba Buena, Green Spine, Mackeral Mint, Mismin (Irish Gaelic).
STAR ANISE (Illicium verum) Also called Chinese Anise
SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus) Also called Corona Solis, Marigold of Peru, Solo Indianus, Chrysanthemum Peruvianum
TARRAGON (Artemisia Dracunculus ) Also called Little Dragon, Herbe au Dragon (French)
TEA TREE (Melaleuca alternifolia) Also called Melaleuca
THYME (Thymus vulgaris) Also known as Common Thyme, Mother of Thyme, and Garden Thyme.
TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum) Also called Tabacca, Tabaci Folia
VALERIAN (Valeriana officinalis) Also known as Garden Heliotrope, Vandal Root, St. George's Herb, All-Heal, Amantilla, Bloody Butcher, Capon's Tail, Capon's Trailer, Cat's Valerian, English Valerian, Fragrant Valerian, Phu, Red Valerian, Sete Wale, Set Well
VERVAIN (Verbena officinalis) Also known as Enchanters Herb, Holy Herb, Verbena, Blue Vervain (V. hastata), Holy Wort, Brittanica , Enchanter's Plant, Herba Sacra, Herb of Enchantment, Herb of Grace, Herb of the Cross Herbe de Sacrée, Juno's Tears, Pigeon's Grass, Pigeonwood, Simpler's Joy, Van-Van, Verbena, Vervan
VETIVERT (Vetivera zizanioides) Also called Khus-khus or Vetiver.
VIOLET (Viola odorata) Also called Heartsease, Little Faces, Sweet Violet, Blue Violet and Viola.
WILLOW (Salix alba) Also known as White Willow, European Willow, Tree of Enchantment, Witches Aspirin, Osier, p***y Willow, Saille, Salicyn Willow, Saugh Tree, Withe, Withy.
WITCH HAZEL (Hammamelis virginiana) Also called Spotted Alder, Winter Bloom, Snapping Hazelnut
WOAD (Ivatis tinctoria) Also called Wad (Anglo-Saxon, Guéde (French), Guado (Italian), Pastel (Spanish), Weat (Dutch)
WOOD ALOE (Aquilaria agallocha) Also called Lignum Aloes
WORMWOOD (Artemisia absinthium) Also known as Absinthe, Old Woman, Crown for a King, Green Ginger
YARROW (Achillea millefolium) Also known as Seven Year's Love, Milfoil, Achillea, Arrowroot, Bad Man's Plaything, Carpenter's Weed, Death Flower, Devil's Nettle, Devil's Plaything, Evil's Nettle, Eerie, Field Hops, Gwarwe, Hundred Leaved Gradd, Knight's Milfoil, Knyghten, Lady's Mantle, Militaris, Military Herb, Millefolium, Noble Yarrow, Nosebleed, Old Man's Mustard, Old Man's Pepper, Sanguinary, Snake's Grass, Soldier's Woundwort, Stanch Griss, Stanch Weed, Thousand Seal, WoundWort, Yarroway, Yerw.
YLANG-YLANG (Cananga odorata) Also called Flower of Flowers  

[Wiccan_Scorpio]

Candle Magick:
Colors and their Magickal Meanings:

Red

Physical Energy, Strength, Passion, Sex, Courage, Element of Fire, Career Goals, Fast Action,
Blood of the Moon, Protection, Driving Force, Love, and Survival.

Orange

Action, Ambition, Business Goals, Success, Justice, Selling, Orange is a Lesser Aspect of Red.

Copper

Passion, Money Goals, Professional Growth, Fertility in Business, and Career Maneuvers.

Gold

Wealth, The God, Safety and Power of the Male, Happiness, Playful Humor, and Promote Winning.

Yellow

The Sun, Intelligence, Memory, Breaking Mental Blocks, Accelerated Learning, and Logical Imagination.

Pink

Romantic Love, Friendship, Compassion, Healing of Emotions, Peace, Affections, Caring, Nurturing, Maturity, Romance, Less Intense than Red.

Green

Earth, Abundance, Fertility, Tree and Plant Magick, Growth, Monetary Success, Element of Earth, Personal Goals, and Healing.

Blue

Good Fortune, Opening Blocked Communication, Wisdom, Protection, Spiritual Inspiration, Calm, Reassurance, Element of Water, Creativity, and Peace.

Purple

Psychic Ability, Third Eye, Spiritual Power, Hidden Knowledge, Self Assurance,
and Symbolizes the Devine

Silver

Telepathy, Clairvoyance, Clairaudience, Intuition, Dreams, Astral Energies, The Goddess, and Communication.

Brown

Influence Friendships, Special Favors, and Represents Soil.

Black

Protection, Repelling, Negativity, Binding, and Shapeshifting.

White

Spirituality, Goddess, Peace, Higher Self, Purity, Protection, All Purposes, and
Symbolizes the Moon.  

[Wiccan_Scorpio]

Purification of Space:

If you are practicing at home as most people do, be aware that “astral garbage”, pockets of negativity and other non-productive energies collect in our living spaces. For instance, you may have had an argument with your husband or spouse, or scolded one of the kids for doing something wrong, or even received an unexpected bill and cussed the sender. These are all perfectly normal everyday happenings but all produce negative energies the residual of which hangs around and remains. As these energies can be disruptive to our “Sacred Space”, we need to ritually cleanse the area being used prior to the start of our workings.

Before lying out your physical circle and altar, clean the area physically with a brush, vacuum cleaner, or mop depending on your floor covering. Now we can clean up any negativity that might be present. There are several ways of doing this:

(1) If you have one among your tools, use the magical broom to ritually sweep away the negative clutter. This in effect is a symbolic action; the bristles of the broom need not actually touch the floor. Sweep rhythmically while visualizing energy sparks or flames shooting out of the broom, blasting all the negativity away. Know and feel it is doing so. You could also set up a rhythmic chant while doing this, using words like: “Sweep, Sweep, Sweep this place. Cleanse and clean my Sacred Space”.

(2) If you don’t have a magical broom, an alternative is to use a bell. Ringing a bell unleashes powerful energies, visualize its vibrations attacking and demolishing any negative energy. Start at the North point of the circle and work your way deosil (clockwise) through East, South and West and ring the bell at each point. Know and feel the vibrations cleansing the area. Any type of bell can be used, but if you can, choose one with a resonant tone.

(3) Another method is to simply burn purifying incense such as frankincense, myrrh, sage, thyme or rosemary. Fumigate the area by walking deosil around the circle and visualize the smoke dispelling any negative energy.

Once the area has been ritually cleansed, mark out your physical circle and place your altar in the center, then lay out all your tools together with any other equipment necessary for your rite or magical work. Next you may wish to purify yourself with a ritual bath or shower, while at the same time preparing yourself mentally for the coming ritual. When you think about it, we are all bombarded each day with negative thoughts and images, from scenes of carnage and destruction on the T.V., and in the newspapers, to our own dark thoughts and negative reactions. Meditate for a while thinking positive things and purify your thoughts ready to begin your ritual.

Once you have bathed and the time to begin approaches, you will need to consider how to dress for your ritual. Many witches particularly those of the Gardnerian path, prefer to work “skyclad” (naked), with the body in its most natural condition. But ritual nudity isn’t for everyone, if you don’t feel comfortable working nude, even in private, then don’t, there are other options. Many wear specialized dress such as robes and tabards. These can be quite ornate or as plain and simple as you like. They can be purpose bought if you don’t mind the expense, or make your own if you are handy with cotton and thread, you can even personalized it with you own runic signs and symbols. Use natural materials and fibers such as cotton, wool or silk and remember also to consider its colour correspondences.

If you don’t have specialized clothing to wear, simply wear some clean loose clothing of a neutral colour. It is normal to keep whatever you wear separate and wear it only for ritual and magic. The idea being that to slip into a garment used only for magic, lends a mystical atmosphere to your rituals by shifting your awareness to the coming proceeding and promoting ritual consciousness. Still, as long as you are happy and comfortable with what you are wearing (or not wearing) then that is fine, but you may wish to experiment and see what suits you best.

One other thing to mention here is "Music". Music and dance since ancient times has been incorporated into religious ceremonies and ritual magic. Not only does music enhance the atmosphere of ritual, it can also have a powerful effect on stimulating our actions and producing magic. Shamans of old (modern ones still do), used rhythmic drumbeats to induce trance like states in which to produce magic. Many modern day witches incorporate and use of music before, during and after their rituals. Pre-selected or recorded music can be played before the ritual to start and aid meditation and set the mood. During the ritual the steady beat of a drum may be used to set the pace of a dance or rhythmic rhyme of a chant. After the ritual has finish, joyous or celebratory music can be played while relaxing. Today there’s are a wide variety of pre-recorded Wiccan and Pagan cassettes tapes available, many are well worth investigating and trying. Alternatively you could simply record appropriate pieces selected from classical, ethnic, folk or contemporary sources.

The last and final thing to do is to make sure you will not be interrupted. Disconnect your telephone, close any open curtains and lock the doors if necessary. If you are working at home and have family, tell them you are not to be disturbed for sometime. Now you are ready to begin and cast your magic circle.

The Magick Circle

Enter your circle and light any altar candles you are using. If you are using quarter candles, start at the North point (or East if that’s your preferred direction) and light the four candles walking deosil (clockwise) around the circle. Return to the altar and light the incense. Before the start of any ritual, magical working or divinatory activity, a witch will first 'Ground and Center' to booster the self's resources by infusing 'Personal Power' with 'Earth Power' producing calm within the inner-self ready for the work ahead. Now you are ready to begin.

Stand in front of your altar or the center of your circle if you are not using one and face your preferred direction. Concentrate and build your personal power within you. When it has reached a fine pitch (you’ll know when it has with practice), hold out your projective hand (right if right handed) palm down at waist height and point your fingers at the edge of the physical circle on the ground (you could also use the athame if you wish). Push out with your personal power and see and feel the energy flowing out from your fingertips (athame). Visualize it as a bright light (coloured if you wish) and slowly walk deosil around the circle. Now form it with your visualization into a swirling circling band of magical glowing light the exact width of your circle.

When you can see the band of light swirling about you expand it with your visualization and stretch it over and around you in the form of a dome, it should encompass the whole ritual area. Now extend the energy down into the earth, see it forming into a complete sphere of pulsing glowing light as you stand at its center. Feel it solidifying into a living glowing reality all around you. Sense the edge of the circle and the difference in vibration within and without of it. You may even feel the temperature rise, as the air inside grows warm, charged with your energy and alive with power. When the circle seems complete and solid around you, cut off the flow of energy by turning the palm and clenching your fist pulling it back to your body.

This then is your magical circle, your sacred space completed. Time now to recoup your energies before starting the next phase of the ritual. Do this with a bite to eat or a sip of wine or water, while savoring the atmosphere you have created. What you do next largely depends on your ritual or the magical work you intend to perform. Some start by consecrating the salt and water held on the altar and using them to seal the circle. Do this with the athame; touch the blade to the salt saying something like:

“I consecrate and cleanse this salt that it be purified and fit to use in this my sacred circle. In the name of the Goddess and God, I consecrate this salt”.

Visualize energy flowing out of the athame and blasting away any negativity from the salt. Next do the same with the water saying:

“I consecrate and cleanse this water that it be purified and fit to use in this my sacred circle. In the name of the Goddess and God, I consecrate this water”.

Take up the salt and starting at the North (salt is symbolic of earth and represents North), sprinkle it around the circle moving deosil. Visualize it purifying and sealing the circle against unwanted influences and negativity. As you are doing so you might say something like:

“Here is the boundary of my circle where naught but love shall enter in, where naught but love shall escape from within. This I charge with the powers of earth.”

Completing the circle return the salt to the altar and take up the Incense. Repeat the same process with all the other elements starting at each appropriate direction. Incense for air representing East, Red candle for fire representing South (care should be taken here that it doesn’t blow out as you walk around the circle), and Water representing West. Change the wording of the verse as you use each element.

Next you may wish to invoke the rulers of the four quarters to protect and watch over your proceeding. There are various teaching regarding these rulers, some people link them as the “Spirits” of the elements, others see them as the “Old Ones” (anciently placed guardians or watchers of the four direction), still others think of them as the “Mighty Ones” (former humans who have climbed the incarnational ladder to perfection, thus allowing them to dwell with the Goddess and God). The Mighty Ones are mythologically linked to the four directions. Again here there are no hard and fast rules of which to use, so use what feels right for you.

Below is a basic method of calling the quarters rulers using the wand, however depending on the work and the forces you intend to call, a more powerful method of opening and closing the quarters is by using the invoking and banishing pentagram for added protection.

To call the rulers take up the wand in your receptive hand (left if your right handed). Stand at the North edge of the circle and hold the wand aloft saying something like:

“Spirits of the North, Old Ones of the Earth. I call upon you to attend my circle. Guard it with your powers Mighty Ones!”

Don’t just say the words; try to say them with meaning. Visualize the spirits arriving in a swirling glowing green mist, sense the earth’s energies cleansing and filling the north quarter of the circle with positive forces. Open yourself to them and invite them in, stretch out with your awareness, sense, feel, and know when they have arrived. When you can feel their presence, lower the wand and move to the East. Raise the wand again and say:

“Old Ones of the East, Spirits of the Air. I call upon you to attend my circle. Guard it with your powers Mighty Ones!”

Again don’t just say the words, believe in them and feel the spirits respond. See and sense them arriving on yellow wind blowing away any negative influences and filling the east quarter of the your circle with intellectual energy. When you can feel their presence, lower the wand and move to the South. Raise the wand aloft again and say:

“Old Ones of the South, Spirits of Fire. I call upon you to attend my circle. Guard it with your powers Mighty Ones!”

Visualize blazing orange flames of fire engulfing the whole area of the South quarter, burning, cleansing and protecting you from harmful forces. Finally, when you can feel their presence, lower the wand and move to the West. With the wand held aloft say:

“Old Ones of the West, Spirits of Water. I call upon you to attend my circle. Guard it with your powers Mighty Ones!”

See the spirits rushing in on waves of blue-green water sweeping away all doubts and negativity, filling the West quarter of the circle with the powers of life and regeneration. When you can feel their presence, replace the wand on the altar and stand still for a moment. Feel and sense the circle around you. Reach out to the spirits and welcome them, feel their presence and communicate with them. Know they are there. Feel the energies and visualize the circle glowing and growing with power. Your circle is now complete and ready for your ritual to begin.

Cutting a Doorway:

At times it may be necessary to leave the circle. Contrary to some teachings, pushing your hand into or walking through the magic sphere will not cause any undue damage. When you think about it being circular, if you stand at the very edge of the circle your head and feet will necessarily extend outside of it? At most walking through the magic sphere will give you a jolt of energy and dissipate its strength. Should this happen simply re-create it or strengthen it with renewed power.

To prevent this from happening it’s a common practice to cut a doorway through which to walk. Do this by facing Northeast and using your athame. Pierce the wall of energy near the ground and cut and trace an archway large enough to walk through. Move anti-clockwise in line with the edge of the circle as you are cutting and visualize that part of the circles energy being withdrawn into the athame. Finish back at the starting point thus creating a hole or void through which you can walk. Withdraw the athame and you are free to leave and re-enter without breaking the rest of the circle.

To close the doorway reverse the procedure. Point the athame at the lower Northeast corner of the archway and push out with your power. Visualize the energy you removed flowing out of the athame and retrace the archway by the moving clockwise. Feel the energy being replaced and converging with the rest of the circle. When you are happy the circle is complete again, cut off the energy flow and withdraw the athame. You can now continue with your rite or workings.

Closing the Circle:

Closing the circle is normally a reversal of the casting process with a few minor differences. Once the rite has finished and your magical work complete, thank the Goddess and God for their help if you have called them. Some may do this with a simple "Cake and Ale" ceremony, making offerings and toasts to the deities before they depart, some may prefer to do this after the circle has been closed, the choice of course is yours. Take up the wand and move to the North (or East if that’s were you started), and hold the wand aloft saying something like:

“Farewell, Spirits of the North, Old Ones of the Earth. I thank you for your presence. Till the next time Mighty Ones, go in peace with power”.

Repeat the same process for the other directions but this time moving “widdershins” (anti-clockwise) through West, South and East. Some people take offence at this believing that moving anti-clockwise within a circle creates negative energies. Because of this many witches now shun the practice even though it is based on orthodox teachings. Some however still use it for dispersing the circle. The choice is up to you, if you’re not happy to move widdershins, then move deosil as in the casting procedure. Remember to change the words of the verse at each direction.

Replace the wand on the altar and return to the North (or East) position. Pierce the wall of your circle with your receptive hand (or the athame if that’s what you used to create it). Moving widdershins (or deosil) visualize the circles energy and power being sucked back into your body (or athame). Feel the circle dissolving and shrinking as you pull back its energy. As you are doing so, sense the outside world regaining its dominance over the area as you finish back in the North position. Your circle is no more.

This brings an end to your use of power and energy for the time being, but while the power and energy raised during your rite or working may have been released towards its goal, residual traces of energy will still remain within the self. It is important to 'Ground and Center' yourself again and release the remaining energy back into the ground were it will safely dissipate.

All that remains now is to extinguish the quarter candles and put away your tools. Save any remaining salt for future occasions and pour any excess water outside onto bare earth. Likewise, any cake and wine left over or offerings you have made to thank the Goddess and God, should be buried outside in the earth together with the incense ashes. Next you can dismantle the physical circle and take up whatever you used to form it, also clean up any salt or other substances you may have used and scattered about during you rite. Some people leave the altar standing to allow the Goddess and God candles, as well as any working candles to burn down and out in their own time, though you may wish to move it from the center of the area.

Building a Circle and Altar

The origins of the magic circle lie in ancient history, forms of it were used in old Babylonian magic and many of the Ceremonial Magicians of the Middle Ages and Renaissance used them. In pre-Christian Europe most Pagan religious festivals took place in circles, normally outdoors under the sky and stars at night. There they celebrated the Earth’s fertility and worshiped the Sun, Moon and Deities. But with the rise of Christianity and the newly powerful church, most of these pagan rites were outlawed and the oncoming persecution of witches forced the practice underground. The pagans became secretive about their rites and practiced them outside only after dark, lit by fires and torches in far-out the way places. Others brought the practice indoors away from prying eyes. Stone circles such as Stonehenge and other megalithic monuments, sacred groves and revered springs across Europe, are remnants of those ancient days.

There are two main types of magic circles used. Those formed by ceremonial magicians are designed to protect the magician from the forces that he or she raises. While those formed by witches and wiccans, are mainly used to create sacred space in which to meet and commune with the Goddess and God. With today’s more liberal view on religion, pagan rituals are once again being practiced in the open air, but these tend to be mass gatherings in specially selected areas. Most people, particularly those living in over populated towns and cities practice at home by transforming their living rooms or bedrooms into places of power and worship.

The magic circle is an area of non-physical space created and constructed of personal power. It’s a magical environment in which the deities are welcomed and celebrated, and where rituals and magical workings take place. In a room filled with steel, plastic and the trappings of our technological age, as well as everyday living associations good and bad, the need for a private sacred space is envisaged. The magic circle defines the ritual working area and holds in our personal power while shutting out distracting energies. In essence it creates the proper working atmosphere for the ritual. Constructed of personal power which is raised, felt and visualized as streaming out from the body through the magic knife (athame), a sphere of energy is created which encompasses the entire working area, above, below and all around it. This energy sphere is what we consider to be the magic circle.

The Physical Circle:

To aid visualization when creating a magic circle, most witches mark out a physical circle on the ground. Wherever you decide to form a circle, be it in the living room, bedroom or some other place, clear sufficient space to mark out a rough circle on the floor. You can do this using a length of cord laid on the ground in a roughly circular shape, or lightly draw a circle using chalk. If you don’t want to soil your nice living room carpet, use an old sheet and draw your circle on it, it can then be rolled up after you have finished and re-used on the next occasion. Personally I use a collection of stones and pebbles to outline a circle; these can easily be picked up again once the ritual is over. Other things to use might be flowers (ideal for spring or summer time rites), or pine needles (winter rites). Some people use salt, earth or crystals to outline their circles. Use objects that spark your imagination and that are in tune with the ritual you are performing.

Circles are usually nine feet in diameter but any size comfortable enough to work in is fine. Depending on your preference, the cardinal points can be marked by candles, Brown for North, Yellow for East, Red for South and Blue for West. The working tools can also be assigned to the four points, particularly if you don’t use an altar. Place the pentacle, a bowl of salt or earth to the North representing the elements of Earth. The censer containing smoldering incense is placed in the East to represent the elements of Air (Fresh flowers or stick incense can also be used). To the South a burning red candle often represents the element of Fire (A lighted oil lamp or a piece of lava rock would also suffice here). A cup or bowl of water is placed in the West representing the elements of Water, the last of the four elements.

The Altar:

Once your physical circle has been constructed, you will next need to construct an altar. The altar is normally positioned in the center, leaving sufficient room to walk or dance around it while remaining inside the circle. Most people use a table of whatever type they have available, but if you are adventurous and desire to make a purpose built one, it can be made from any substance, though wood is normally used. Many purpose built altars you can buy are made from Willow which is sacred to the Goddess. Depending on your preference it can be round or square. A round altar is symbolic of the Goddess and spirituality, while a square one represents the four elements.

The altar doesn’t have to be a table at all, particularly if you are practicing outside; tables are bulky and cumbersome things to carry around. It can be nothing more than an area of ground covered with a cloth upon which to lay out you tools. A cardboard box covered with a cloth would also suffice, as would an old log or a large flat rock or stone. Look around and use your imagination, make use of whatever is available, the more natural and nature based your material the better. Generally the altar is place in the center of the circle facing North, its association with the elements of earth makes this the direction of power, ideal if during the rite you intend to do some magical workings. Some place the altar facing East where the Sun and Moon rises, ideal if all you intend to do is commune with the God and Goddess.

While its not absolutely necessary, many witches dress their altars with an altar cloth. These can be quite ornate or as plain as you like, but they do enhance its general appearance. Altar cloths can be purpose bought if you don’t mind the expense, or you could make your own. A simple plain sheet or tablecloth folded to size and draped over or around the altar would suffice for this. If you like, you could even personalize it with runic signs and symbols. Remember also to consider the colour of your altar cloth, and its correspondences with your rite or workings.

The working tools can now be placed and arranged on the altar. The left side of the altar is normally dedicated to the Goddess and tools associated with her are placed here. These are generally: the cup, pentacle, bell, crystal or wand and the cauldron. It’s also nice if you have one, to place an image or statue of the Goddess here, but if you haven’t a green, silver or white candle can be substituted. Also if you have one, a broom can be placed against the left side of the altar. The right side of the altar is reserved for the God, and his tools of association. These are: the censer, athame (black handled knife) and bolline (white handled knife). Your Book of Shadows might also be placed here. If you intend to work magic in your circle, be sure to have all your necessary ingredients and equipment within it before you start (i.e. matches, candles, herbs and oils, pen and paper etc), these can be placed on or beneath the altar as you feel fit. Finally its a good idea to have some refreshments to hand for use during ritual as offerings , or to replace spent energy while working. Most rituals finish with a "Cake and Ale" ceremony or feast.

The altar and the circle it stands in is your own personal construction, and there are no hard and fast rules as to how they should be constructed or arranged. Use you imagination and do as you feel appropriate for the rite or work you are conducting. If it pleases you, it will work for you to your own advantage and satisfaction. You are now ready to begin preparing the circle for use.

Sources
Wicca, A guide for the Solitary Practitioner - By Scott Cunningham.