|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 Posted: Thu Aug 16, 2007 3:25 am
Urrà! La maestra sta qui! mrgreen
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Thu Aug 16, 2007 6:34 pm
Hawk_McKrakken Urrà! La maestra è qui! mrgreen
So, as I promised, here's the lesson:
Tips about pronounciation
arrow Accents
In Italian there's no rule to determine the position of the tonic accent in pollisyllabic words, but in most of them it falls on the last but one syllable. The best way to know for sure is checking the dictionary; yeah, I know, it sucks, but it's important at the beginning of your studies because the accent can affect the meaning of the word.
For ex.: pésca = fishing; pèsca = peach.
For those who love grammar books, here there are the accent's positions possible in Italian words:
-parole tronche: accent on the last syllable. ex: caf-fè, cit-tà;
-parole piane: accent on the last but one syllable. ex: pa-ne, se-du-to;
-parole sdrucciole: accent on the third from last syllable. ex: ar-ti-co-lo;
-parole bisdrucciole: accent on the fourth from last syllable. ex: sci-vo-la-no (=they slide);
-parole trisdrucciole: accent on the fifth from last syllable. ex: co-mu-ni-ca-me-lo (=communicate it to me).
-About the graphic accent: when you must use it
1) in every 'parola tronca', like perché, libertà,etc;
2) on some monosyllabic word: più, può, già, giù, ciò;
3) on some monosyllabic words graphically identic to another:
sì (yes), sé (itself), dà (he gives), è (it is), lì and là (there), né (neither), tè (tea).
There are also other cases but they're not so important for you to learn, unless you live here for a long time.
Well, time to go to bed now for me, hope this will be useful for you all. Sorry if it's short, but I'm quite tired gonk
I accept tips on the next lesson's topic! wink
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Thu Aug 16, 2007 6:57 pm
One more little thing before going to bed, quite a little attachment to 'Section 2' and very important because this is widely used:
PREPOSIZIONI
They are generally used to indicate the position of the substantif they refer to; they are used also as in English with verbs. They are:
DI (of), A (at), DA (from) , IN, CON (with), SU (on/about), PER (to/through), TRA and FRA (between).
arrow PREPOSIZIONI ARTICOLATE: they are simple prepositions combined with articles depending on which word they precede. For ex. da + il giardino = dal giardino (from the garden).
The complete list:
-DI
di + il=del
di + lo=dello
di + la=della
di + i=dei
di + gli=degli
di + le=delle
-A
a+il=al
a+lo=allo
a+la=alla
a+i=ai
a+gli=agli
a+le=alle
-DA
da + il=dal
da + lo=dallo
da + la=dalla
da + i=dai
da + gli=dagli
da + le=dalle
-IN
in + il = nel
in + lo = nello
in + la = nella
in + i = nei
in + gli = negli
in + le = nelle
-CON, PER, TRA, FRA arrow don't 'create' preposizioni articolate
-SU
su + il = sul
su + lo = sullo
su + la = sulla
su + i = sui
su + gli = sugli
su + le = sulle
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Sat Aug 18, 2007 6:45 pm
Section 2, part 2: Nouns
arrow Structure
A noun can be composed by 4 elements: prefisso, radice, suffisso, desinenza; for example in-fiamm-azion-e. The first 3 elements are not changeable and called 'tema'. According to the way they're composed, we have 4 kinds of nouns:
1)nomi primitivi: they're formed only by radice and desinenza. Ex: poet-a, ragazz-o;
2)nomi derivati: you form them adding a prefisso and/or a suffisso; so for ex. from libr-o you can 'make' libr-aio, libr-eria;
3)nomi alterati:same as before, but they're different from the derivati because here they don't form a different word, they add a 'nuance' to the noun. There are 4 groups:
a)diminutivi: you can add -IN-, to give the idea of a small object or concept. For ex: from mercat-o you can 'make' mercat-in-o, from cas-a -> cas-in-a;
b)accrescitivi: you can add suffixes or prefixes like -ONE, or SUPER-,IPER-, to give the idea of a big object or concept. For ex: libr-one, super-mercato;
c)dispregiativo: you can add -ACCI- or -ASTR- or -UCOL- to give the idea of an object or concept you find ugly or generally not good. For ex: libr-acci-o, poet-astr-o, scrittor-ucol-o.
d)vezzeggiativi: you can add -ETT-, -UCCI-,or similar, to give the idea of a nice, pretty object. For ex: libr-ett-o, cas-ucci-a.
exclaim be careful: nomi alterati are a very variable category, there are a lot of 'irregularities'; they are used mostly in informal language, so you can make up new ones or use them sarcastically, changing their real meaning. It's difficult, I know, unfortunately this happens a lot in Italian!
4)nomi composti: they come from the union of two or more words. For ex: arco-baleno, piano-forte, ferro-via, geo-grafia etc.
arrow Declination of changeable nouns
There are 3 classes:
First class: desinence in -atabella----------singular -----plural-----------------------------------------------
masculine ------poet-a ------poet-i
-----------------------------------------------
feminine---------ros-a -------ros-e
Second class: desinence in -otabella----------singular -----plural-----------------------------------------------
masculine ------marit-o ------marit-i
-----------------------------------------------
feminine---------man-o -------man-i
Third class: desinence in -etabella----------singular -----plural-----------------------------------------------
masculine ------padr-e ------padr-i
-----------------------------------------------
feminine--------madr-e ------madr-i
arrow Singular question Plural question
I think that by now most of you must have noticed that the exceptions in the Italian language outnumber the rules...well, concerning the nouns' 'number' we have two groups of exceptions:
1)Nomi difettivi:They have either only the plural or the singular.
-> only singular
- chemical elements: zolfo, ferro, rame, ossigeno etc.;
- nouns indicating unique things in nature: equatore, cardinal points, mount or river names etc.;
- a lot of abstract names: pietà, pazienza, bontà, etc.;
- a lot of diseases' names: morbillo, tifo etc.;
- some 'nomi collettivi': fogliame, prole etc.;
- some non-countable (?) things' names: latte, fame, sete, sangue etc.
-> only plural
- some names indicating objects formed by 2 parts: occhiali, pantaloni, forbici etc;
- some 'nomi collettivi' indicating concepts or objects formed by a lot of elements: spezie, stoviglie, viveri, dintorni, etc;
- some names from latin 'born' without the singular: nozze, esequie, tenebre etc.
2)Nomi sovrabbondanti:They have more than one singular and/or plural.
-> sovrabbondanti in the singular form
- il legno:part of the branches and the trunk; la legna: firewood;
- il frutto: plant's product or generally the result of something; la frutta: fruits you eat.
-> sovrabbondanti in the plural form
- a lot of names of the second class; sometimes the two forms have different meanings.
-> sovrabbondanti both in the singular and the plural form
- l'orecchio, gli orecchi; l'orecchia, le orecchie (same meaning);
- il gesto, i gesti (gestures); la gesta, le gesta (heroic and mythic exploits);
- il cervello (brain), i cervelli (smart, educated people); la cervella (animal's eatable brains), le cervella (cerebral material).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Thu Aug 23, 2007 5:18 pm
Toc, toc! dove siete finiti tutti? confused
For those interested, coming soon: adjectives.
Feel free to post questions and suggestions if you care.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Fri Aug 24, 2007 3:46 pm
Section 3: Adjectives
In Italian there are 2 main types of adjectives:
1.qualificativi: they indicate a quality, a state of the substantif they refer to;
2.determinativi: they add a'determination' to the substantif, that is they precise its condition in time and space, its quantity etc.
The adjective is changeable,too. There are 3 classes:
First class: adjectives with 4 desinences
tabella----------singular -----plural
-----------------------------------------------
masculine ------car-o -------car-i
-----------------------------------------------
feminine---------car-a -------car-e
Second class: 2 desinences
tabella----------singular -----plural
-----------------------------------------------
masculine ------vivac-e ------vivac-i
-----------------------------------------------
feminine---------vivac-e -------vivac-i
Third class: 3 desinences
tabella----------singular ------------plural
-----------------------------------------------
masculine ------entusiast-a -------entusiast-i
-----------------------------------------------
feminine------entusiast-a -------entusiast-e
exclaim work in progress exclaim
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Mon Aug 27, 2007 3:20 am
I write to tell you that I don't know when I'll post again.
Yesterday night my grandfather died and I really loved him, it's a great loss for me.
If you are interested in Italian lessons I'll copy these to the 'lessons' subforum and I'll go on from there if you want or I'll stay here, just tell me what's better for you.
Until then, bye guys
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Sun Sep 16, 2007 8:32 pm
No way...My grandfather died about a month before...That's why I disappeared the first time. I loved him and was so upset I didn't really feel like talking unless I really had to. cry Hope everything else will be alright for y'all.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posted: Wed Oct 03, 2007 3:05 pm
Thank you.. and I'm sorry for your loss. Hope you're feeling better now. I don't know about me, but I'm dealing with it, I cherish every happy moment I had with him and I greet him everyday; I think it's a way to honor his life and what he meant to us.
Everything else is quite fine, only 頑張らなければならない 3nodding
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reply
