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I am hoping to expand more on what I have so far. If anyone wishes to help me out here, it would be greatly appreciated. I started this yesterday, and here is what I have so far.

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A

Abraham: The first patriarch and founder of Judaism. He is highly esteemed in the Abrahamic faiths.

Abrahamic: A term pertaining to the faiths whose origin is Abraham, such as Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and sometimes Bahá'í. This also includes Samaritanism, Yazidi, Druzes, Mandeans, and Rastafarianism. It may also refer to faiths or religions that are the opposite of paganism.

Abraham's bosom: A location in Hades for the righteous.

Allah: The Arabic word for "god". This is the name for God mostly heard by Muslims, although Arab Jews and Christians refer to God as Allah.

Annihilationism: The Christian doctrine that the souls of the unsaved will perish in the lake of fire.

Apocrypha: In Christianity it refers to the extra books found in the Septuagint, which are considered to be non-canon in Judaism and certain sects of Christianity. See also Pseudepigrapha.

B

Bible: An anthology of ancient Near Eastern and first century literature.

Binitarianism: The belief that the Father and Son share the same substance called God. Jesus was not God whilst dwelling on Earth, but regained this after his resurrection.

Book, People of the: A title given to Jews and Christians, which were given guidelines by Moses and Jesus.

C

Christ: See Messiah.

Chumash: Another name for the Torah. It means "five" in Hebrew.

Conditionalism: The belief that the soul is not immortal, and that eternal life is granted to those who trust in Jesus. See also Annihilationism.

D

Decalogue: See Ten Commandments.

Devil, The: See Satan.

Documentary hypothesis: "DH" for short, the hypothesis holds that the Torah was written by four indepedent sources, the Jahwist, Elohist, Deuteronomist, and Priestly. It also includes redactors. This was to explain the contradictions, redundancies, and why Moses never refers to himself in the first person.

E

Economical trinitarianism: In trinitarianism, the teaching that the Father is greater than the Son, and the Father and Son are greater than the Holy Spirit, not in substance, but economically, just as a father is greater than his son.

Eisegesis: The erroneous process by which one imposes his or her bias into the text.

Exegesis: The process of drawing out the meaning of a text based on historical, cultural, linguistic, or other types of data.

F

Fire, Lake of: See Second death.

G

Gehenna: The destination of the wicked and unsaved. In Rabbinic Judaism, Gehenna is purgatorial. The most wicked are destroyed, however. In Christianity, there are three views: eternal punishment, annihilationism, and universalism.

H

Hades: See Sheol.

Hebrew Bible: Another name for the Tanakh.

Hell: See Gehenna.

Henotheism: From the Greek heis + theos, meaning "one god". It is similar to monolatry, except that other gods can also be served, but only one at a time.

Homoiousios: Meaning "of a different substance", this was originally used by Christians who defended against Sabellianism, which taught that the Father was the Son.

Homoousios: Meaning "of the same substance", this was used against the Arians to affirm that the Father and Son were ontologically the same, and that the Son was not a creation of the Father, but was God.

I

J

K

Kabbalah:

Koran: See Qur'an.

L

Lex talionis: Found also in the Code of Hammurabi, it is commonly known as "an eye for an eye", a legal concept where the injurer suffers the same injury he or she caused the injured. It has also been understood figuratively so that the punishment is neither too lenient, nor too severe.

Logos, The: The Greek word for "reason", first coined by Heraclitus and used elsewhere in Hellenism. In Hellenistic Judaism and Christianity, it is the creative and dynamic word of God.

Lucifer: The misapplication of the king of Babylon to Satan. It is the Latin translation of Heylel, son of Shachar, a minor god in Canaanite mythology, and described also as Venus.

LXX: See Septuagint.

M

Messiah:

Miqra': Another name for the Tanakh.

Monolatry: From the Greek monos + latreuō, meaning "to serve only one". This does not preclude the existence, nor the acknowledgement, of other gods. It is monotheistic in practise, polytheistic in principle. See also Henotheism.

Monotheism: From the Greek monos + theos, meaning "only [one] god".

N

New Testament: The name of the collection of letters written by Jewish disciples of Jesus. The name comes from the Latin, novum testamentum, which means "new covenant".

O

Olam ha-ba: The spiritual afterlife. It also refers to the messianic age.

Old Testament: See Tanakh.

Oneness: The belief in one, single god who manifests Himself as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

Ontological trinitarianism: In trinitarianism, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are co-equal and co-exist, so that the three persons share the same substance, just as fire from fire share the same ontology.

P

Pentateuch: Another name for the Torah, the word is made up of two Greek words, pente + teuchos, meaning "five volumes".

Pseudepigrapha: Meaning "false writing" in the Greek, these books are said to be written by authors of the books found in the Tanakh or New Testament so as to make them authoritative. See also Deuterocanon.

Q

Q source: Short for the German word "quelle", which redundantly means "source", is a hypothesis where the sayings of Jesus originated from a particular source. Matthew and Luke are hypothesised to originate from Q and Mark.

Qabalah: See Kabbalah.

Qur'an: The religious text of Islam.

R

S

Satan: The Hebrew word for adversary. In Judaism, it can be applied to anyone, supernatural or otherwise. In Christianity, the word is used as a proper noun for a specific entity who opposes God.

Scripture: Another word with reference to either the Tanakh, the Bible, or the Qur'an, but especially the Bible.

Second death: The opposite of eternal life, it is the death the wicked die. Those who die the second death are excluded from the world to come.

Septuagint: The Greek translation of the Tanakh. It contains extra writings not found in the Tanakh.

Sheol: The abode of the dead. It is sometimes translated "grave". In the Septuagint, intertestamental literature, and New Testament it is translated Hades. It appears to later have two compartments, one of those places being Abraham's bosom. It is a foretaste of what is to come.

T

Tanakh: An acronym for the three parts of the Hebrew Bible: Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvim.

Targum: The Aramaic paraphrase of the Tanakh filled with rabbinic commentary.

Tartarus:

Ten Commandments: More accurately translated "ten statements" or "ten words",

Torah: The first five books of Moses. It is incorrectly translated "law", based on the Greek translation of nomos.

Trinitarianism: The belief that there are three persons who share the same substance called God. They are distinct, not divided; different, but not separate from each other. See also Economical Trinitarianism and Ontological Trinitarianism.

Trinity, The: The Christian doctrine that God is of three persons, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

U

Unitarianism: The belief that there is one, single person called God, and that Jesus is the son of the eternal God, rather than the eternal son of God. The Holy Spirit refers to either the Father or His power.

Universalism: The Christian belief that God will redeem all, and that Gehenna is only age-during and purgatorial.

V

W

World to come: Also known as the age to come. See Olam ha-ba.

Wellhausen hypothesis: See Documentary hypothesis.

X

Y

Z

I can. I think I will add eisegesis, too.

I'm glad. It's a work-in-progress, but I hope to fill it up enough for it to be useful for anyone who wants or needs a quick definition of a word. I'm thinking of expanding it beyond the Abrahamic faiths.

Yep. I'm mostly familiar with Judaism and Christianity, but I'm trying to add Islam into the mix as well. I'm aiming for conciseness, so adding other religions might make it fuller than I'm intending.

My friend from camp had this hilarious book called A Pocket Guide to the Bible. I highly recommend it. It's thoughtful, funny, and of course, helpful. For example, the book calls Bathsheba a "bathing hottie" and John the Baptist a "crazy person". A really funny entry is the one for Ham, Noah's son, and one of his low points is being named for the meat. xd This thing kind of reminds me of that book.