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 Posted: Sun Mar 16, 2008 8:10 pm
A Guide to Modern Kakaliko
Table of Contents
I. An Introduction to Kakaliko
II. Phonetics and Pronunciation
III. The Writing System
IV. Grammar and Usage
V. Basic Vocabulary
VI.Kakaliko-English Dictionary
VII.English-Kakaliko Dictionary
VIII. Exercises
IX. Notes
X. Updates
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Posted: Sun Mar 16, 2008 9:07 pm
I.An Introduction to Kakaliko
Kakaliko has been spoken all over the world for thousands of years. It is not the official language of any nation, but the language of a group of people who despite years of influence from other languages and cultures managed to keep their own alive.
As is much of the language's history, the exact location of its origins are unclear. Eastern Europe, Asia and North America are supposed to have the largest numbers of Kakali, people who speak Kakaliko as a first language. Africa and Australia are recorded to have the smallest population of Kakali. The total population itself is also very small. However, the veracity of these numbers is debatable because, as a general rule, Kakaliko-speaking communities tend to be secretive and very tightly-knit.
Learning it as a second language is highly uncommon and, if it occurs, it is usually an exchange between two close friends or spouses. Kakali hold their language to be of the utmost importance and do not take its study likely. For a speaker to offer to teach it is considered a very special gift. Speakers of Kakaliko as a second language are often embraced as family once they have achieved fluency, and students of the language are met with great enthusiasm. Native speakers are always bilingual and often speak many more languages.
Despite the small population of native speakers, there is a large amount of Kakaliko-only media, ranging from literature to film to music. Creativity is prized and, culturally, speakers share a high appreciation of the written word. Translation of foreign-language media is common, although translation of Kakaliko media is extremely rare.
Kakali are extremely adaptable and will conform outwardly to the linguistic and cultural norms of the country in which they live while speaking the native language at home. They consider themselves citizens of their nation of birth since the Kakali have not had land of their own for presumably thousands of years. The mother tongue and culture are always important parts of their lives.
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Posted: Sun Mar 16, 2008 9:17 pm
II. Phonetics and Pronunciation
Vowels
A - as in “wander”
I - as in “teensy”
U - as in “too”
E - as in “end”
O - as in “crow”
(U) - as in “desu” (Japanese “swallowed u”)
Consonants
G - as in “gum”
J - as in “diffusion” (French “j”)
F - as in “phooey” (Japanese “f”)1
P - as in “pop”
B - as in “obvious” (Spanish "b/v")
T - as in “tip”
K - as in “kitten”
L - as in “lovely"
W - as in “wick”
R - as in “love”
N - as in “nosh”
Ñ- as in “nyah nyah”
X - as in “shush"
Z - as in “tsetse fly”
Q - as in "quick"
D - as in "doodle"
CH - as in "chump"2
All spelling is regular and phonetic.
1: If at the beginning of the word, it will take on a strong “f” sound. Otherwise it is a soft combination of “h” and “f”, a sound not unlike blowing on hot soup to cool it down.
2: Can take on a rough “h” sound as in “challah” when written with (u) preceding it.
Clusters
The only consonant clusters allowed in Kakaliko are those of the same consonant repeated twice, pronounced as a glottal stop. There is one exception to this rule:
MN – as in “omni”
Single consonants can be considered syllables of their own if preceded by (u). Such constructions are always found at the end of a sentence as ending particles that express different emotions.
Stress
Stress
Stress is predictable and fixed, changing depending on the number of syllables in a word.
Monosyllabic words: The first (and only!) syllable is stressed.
Disyllabic words: The first syllable is stressed.
Trisyllabic words: The second syllable is stressed.
Quadrisyllabic words: The third syllable is stressed.
Polysyllabic words: Do whatever the hell you want.
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Posted: Sun Mar 16, 2008 9:28 pm
III. The Writing System
The Act of Writing
Kakaliko is read and written vertically and left to right. There are no spaces, but instead short horizontal lines or large dots to represent spaces between words.
Hieroglyphs
Kakaliko used to have a hieroglyphic writing system, but as time went on, the syllabic writing system became more popular for its simplicity. However, Kakaliko retains a few of its most important hieroglyphs, and to write them in the syllabic system is considered an affront to the language.
Punctuation
If a comma follows a word, there is no need for a space line between that word and the next.
Capital Letters
There are capital letters in Kakaliko, despite it being a syllabary, used at the beginning of sentences, for proper nouns, and for emphasis. They are more elaborate versions of the usual letters.
Double Syllables
In words that contain the same syllable twice in succession, like “Kakaliko”, for example, the second syllable is written as a dash.
Glottal Stops
Glottal stops, as in the word “jittuzu”, or “to know”, are written as tiny circles before the repeated consonant.
NOTE: Charts for punctuation, the syllabary and the presently-used hieroglyphs are coming. I'll also post writing samples when I get around to it.
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Posted: Sun Mar 16, 2008 9:43 pm
IV. Grammar and Usage
Sentence Structure
Kakaliko is an SOV language, meaning the subject of the sentence comes first, then the object, and then the verb. Sentence structure is flexible as long as the particles are in the right place. Most of the time speakers use the SOV arrangement, however. Particles determine whether a noun is the direct or indirect object.
This sentence in English would be like this:
Yesterday I gave Anna a new sweater for her birthday.
But in Kakaliko it would be like this:
I yesterday Anna to birthday for a new sweater gave.
Omitting Things
Kakaliko is often dependent on context. Once the subject is repeated, it does not have to be mentioned repeatedly unless the speaker wants to emphasize it. If it is completely obvious, the speaker may not ever refer to a subject. Some particles, like u, zi and o, can be omitted in casual speech.
The "pe" article can be omitted also, but "te" and "tezo" cannot.
To Be or Not to Be?
“Is” is “jagulu”. “Is not is “jagubielu.” To form present tense, it is “jagule” in positive and “jagubiele” in negative. The past tense is "jaguji" and "jagubieji", the future tense is "jaguwe" and "jagubiewe", and the potential tense is "jaguxo" and "jagubiexo". You do NOT use it with adjectives like “the cat is red” or with verbs like “the child is crying”. Its only use is for nouns.
For example:
I am a doctor / Jeu filuxoo jagule.
I am not a doctor / Jeu filuxoo jagubiele.
To Have and Have Not
“To have” is “elelu”. The negative of “elelu” is “elekelu”. Present tense is "elele/elebiele", future tense is "elewe/elebiewe", past tense is "eleji/elebieji", and potential is "elexo/elebiexo". It is used not only to talk about possessing physical things, but also saying someone has a talent at something, talking about one’s feelings, or talking about physical qualities.
EX (lots of them!)
Xanyou loxeilio oelele. / They are good at singing. (lit: They have songs.)
Pau epomnio eleji. / He was sad. (lit: He had sadness.)
Pau woipulinyowa lemnetolio elele. / She has pretty eyes.
Jeu pe leijio elele./ I have a dog.
Particles
Kakaliko makes use of many particles to determine what is what in a sentence. Particles always come after the word.
u – marks the subject/ topic of a sentence
o – marks the direct object of a sentence
e – and
zi – of/possessive
tu – with
ja – on
pai – around
kiko – by means of
go – in/at
kala - because
nya - then
jue – marks a thought or quotation
fue – toward/in the direction of
bae – from
za – until
buye - like the English "even", as in "even a child could do it" or "she didn't even call the morning after" (ba-ZING!)
be – for
kati – too
Sentence Endings
In addition to particles, speakers use special words at the end of sentences to indicate a question, to emphasize something, or to change the tone of the sentence.
wu – makes the sentence into a question; not needed when the sentence begins with "who/what/when/where/why/how", but must be used in every other type of question sentence; when using "wu", the sentence doesn't need a question mark
EX:
"Wu" Question Sentence: Kikio xojittule wu. / Do you know Kiki?
"5 Ws and an H" Question Sentence: Ofou Kiki?/Kikiu ofo?/ Who's Kiki?
ta – indicates something that is supposed to happen; indicates that something is planned
EX: Weixa wudanyo? Wau kekijikago laokiji ta. / Why are you late? You were supposed to come at six.
n(u) – for emphasis
EX: Bazuu wudanyon(u)! / My bus was late!
p(u) – softens the sentence; the “polite” particle
EX: Luizuyai epafajue juedele wu? Que...zuyi dodanyowap(u)...
What do I think of Louise? Well...she's kinda boring...
k(u) – explanatory particle; less direct than "because"
EX:
P1- Weixa ilakanyo? (Why are you angry?)
P2 - Kalitu omnapawa wuebajik(u). (I had a big argument with my sister.)
mnoi – indicates uncertainty; used when the speaker is making a guess
EX: Axafei zelixo mnoi. (It will probably rain tomorrow, but I'm not sure.)
la – indicates surprise
EX: A, katayaji la! (Ah, you scared me!)
mna – like the English “right” or the Japanese “ne”; used when the speaker is expecting agreement
EX: Laezi fumnou ajinyo mna. (This cake is DAAAAMN tasty, isn't it?)
jo – indicates sarcasm
EX: Wau woipulinyo jo. (You're beautiful.)
Active/Passive Voice
Verbs are automatically active. To make a verb passive, affix “wi” to the beginning of the verb. The verb is being done to or being done by a plural subject, "o" should come before "wi". More about the plural "o" in the next post.
EX: jikalu (to give) -> jika -> jikaji (gave) -> wijikaji (was given)
Jeu pipilao wijikaji. / I was given a present (by one person).
OR
Jeu pipilao owijikaji. / I was given a present (by two or more people).
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Posted: Sun Mar 16, 2008 10:02 pm
IV. Grammar and Usage (cont.)
Verbs
Verbs in their infinitive form end in “-lu”, “-xu”, or “zu”.
The infinitive of any given verb means “to verb”. All verbs are regular.
Verb Tenses
There are four verb tenses – past, present, future, and potential. There is also an ‘”-ing” tense that I am not sure what to call. 8D;
Past Tense
To form past tense, remove the infinitive ending from the verb and replace it with “ji”. To form negative past tense, remove the infinitive ending and add “bieji”.
Let's try it with the verb "to go":
gifulu (to go) -> gifu (verb purgatory) -> gifuji (went)
Now let's say we didn't go:
gifulu -> gifu -> gifubieji (didn't go)
There!
Present Tense
Present tense is formed by removing the infinitive ending of the verb and replacing it with “le”. To make present tense negative, remove the infinitive ending and replace it with “biele.” This tense is used to talk about anything that takes place in the present.
Here's an example:
tabuxu (to eat) -> tabu -> tabule (is eating)
Or, if you aren't eating:
tabuxu -> tabu -> tabubiele (is not eating)
The Past "-Ing" Tense
To say that one was/was not "-ing" something, conjugate the verb to positive/negative present tense and add "ka" to the very end of the verb.
Want to know how to say you were sleeping?
mnelu (to sleep) -> mne -> mnele (is sleeping) -> mneleka (was sleeping)
What if you weren't?
mnele (is sleeping) -> mnebieleka (wasn't sleeping)
Now you've got it!
Future Tense
Future tense is formed in essentially the same way as past and present tense. Remove the infinitive ending and replace it with “we”. To form negative future tense, remove the ending and replace it with “biewe.”
tabuxu (to eat) -> tabu -> tabuwe (will eat)
Not hungry?
tabuxu -> tabu -> tabubiewe (will not eat)
Potential Tense
To form potential tense, remove the infinitive ending and add “xo” to the end of the verb. To form negative potential tense, add “biexo” instead.
Standing on the edge of a cliff isn't a very good idea, but I figure you will need some phrases in Kakaliko to say when you get up there:
tilu (to fall) -> ti -> tixo (probably will fall)
Have good balance?
tilu -> ti -> tibiexo (probably won't fall)
Commands
To turn a verb into a command, add ‘fu” to the beginning of a present positive/negative tense verb. To form a negative command, add “biefu”.
For example:
Chudoo fumnelele. / Take out the trash.
Odecha biefuilakabiele./ Please don't yell.
It is also possible to form sentences such as “I have to” or “You have to pick up the pizza” using this construction. Add “fu” (or “biefu” if it is negative) to the beginning of a verb of any tense and go on with your sentence.
For example:
Jeu fugifule / I have to go
Jeu biefugifule / I don’t have to go
Wau te pizao fupikele / You have to pick up the pizza
Wau te pizao biefupikebiele / You don’t have to pick up the pizza
Agreement
Verbs agree with number. If a plural subject is performing an action or having an action performed on it, then “o” is added to the very beginning of the verb before any other conjugations.
EX:
PLURAL: I like cats. / Jeu totoletolio oxemnile.
SINGULAR: I like her. / Jeu pao xemnile.
MORE EX:
PLURAL: Cats sleep a lot. / Totoletoliu lakigo omnele.
SINGULAR: I couldn't sleep last night. / Jeu aululie mnewobieji.
Adjectives do not need to agree with number.
Moods
To change a verb’s mood, remove the infinitive ending, add the mood, and then add the tense.
"Can" Mood: add “wo” to the end
Negative: add “e” after “wo”, forming “woe”.
EX: uluzu (to buy) -> ulu -> uluwoji (could have bought it)
uluzu -> ulu -> uluwoele (can't buy it)
"Want" Mood: add “ta” to the end
Negative: add “i” after “ta”, forming “tai”.
EX: uluzu -> ulu -> ulutale (want to buy it)
uluzu -> ulu -> ulutaiji (didn't want to buy it)
"Need" Mood: add “ku” to the end
Negative: add “mu” before “ku”, forming “muku”.
EX: uluzu -> ulu -> ulumuji (needed to buy it)
uluzu -> ulu -> ulumukuwe (won't need to buy it)
"Should" Mood: add "be" to the end
Negative: add "ki" to the end, forming "beki"
EX: uluzu -> ulu -> ulubele (should buy it)
uluzu -> ulu -> ulubekiji (shouldn't have bought it)
Listing Actions
There are a couple ways to go about this.
1. The "When All the Tenses Are the Same" List
Add “ti” to all those listed except for the last.
EX: Jeu xutofue gifujiti, laokiji. (I went to the store and came back.)
2. The "Oh God the Tenses Are Different!" List
This isn't complicated at all. Just use "e", the particle for "and", to connect the phrases.
EX: Jeu auxizimni pao bibochoji, e fa kokolobe choale. (I asked her to marry me last week, and I'm still waiting for her answer.)
If you're wondering how to form a sentence like:
He stood in the shower for hours, singing.
You use the past "-ing" tense combined with the plain past tense, like so:
Pau lakigozi jikabe zeliquego gijaji, loxeijika.
(lit: He many of hours for shower in stood, was singing.)
You don't need "e" or "ti" at all. Simple conjugations rock.
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Posted: Sun Mar 16, 2008 10:13 pm
IV. Grammar and Usage (cont.)
Adjectives
Adjectives in dictionary form end in “ze”, “lo”, “mne”, or “ka”. They always come before the thing being described, unless it is possessive, in which case the adjective should come after.
For example:
The loud child / Te omnabinyowa tibexo
My loud child / Jezi tibexo omnabinyowa
No other parts of sentence structure are changed.
When modifying a noun, add “wa” to the end of an adjective. If using an adjective to describe a plural noun, use “pi” instead.
EX: omnanyowa leiji (big dog) / omnanyopi leijili (big dogs)
Adverbs
To turn an adjective into an adverb, add “i” after the tense. You don't need "wa" or "pi" here, because you aren't modifying a noun.
Let's put our knowledge to the test! 8D
For example, what if you wanted to say the dog ran slowly? Maybe you have a fat dog or something.
The word for "slow" is "debuyaze".
debuyaze (slow) -> debuya -> debuyapa (was slow, because this sentence is past tense and adjectives agree with tense) -> debuyapai (was slowly)
Now put it in the sentence:
Te leijiu debuyapai quilaji.
The dog ran slowly.
Tenses
Adjectives in Kakaliko have past, present, future and potential tense. They must agree with verbs.
Past/Present/Future Tense in Adjectives
Adjective tense must agree with the verb tense.
Past tense - add “pa” to the end of the adjective.
qualika (fun) -> quali -> qualipa (was fun)
Present tense - add “nyo” to the end of the adjective
qualika (fun) -> quali -> qualinyo (is fun)
Future tense - add “tu” to the end of the adjective.
qualika (fun) -> quali -> qualitu (will be fun)
Potential tense - ad "chi" to th end of the adjective
qualika (fun) -> quali -> qualichi (probably will be fun)
To make an adjective negative, add “ko” to the beginning of the adjective.
qualika (fun) -> quali -> qualichi (probably will be fun) -> koqualichi (probably won't be fun)
There. That wasn't as painful as I thought it would be.
Listing Adjectives
When listing adjectives, you do it like this:
[adj]gi, [adj]gi, [adj].
Basically, you add "gi" after each conjugated adjective, except for the last.
For example:
P1 - Weixa pao xemnile? (Why do you like her?)
P2 - Yalopenyogi, woipulinogi, bunyapunyo kalap(u). (I like her because she's nice, and pretty, and smart.)
Comparisons
Mnufuzi - not as
Fuzi - as
Peke - more
Geke - less
Kale - like (can also be attached to nouns to form “–like” words)
“…” is where the adjective or adverb would be placed in the sentence.
Peke...le - more…than…
Kikiu peke woipulinyo le Lui.
Kiki is prettier than Louise.
Geke...le– less…than…
Luiu geke galinyo le Kiki.
Louise is shorter than Kiki.
(Lit: Louise is less tall than Kiki.)
Fuzi…fuzi – as…as…
Pau fuzi ponyanyo fuzi pe ponya.
She's fast as a horse.
Mnufuzi…fuzi – not as…as…
Jeu mnufuzi bunyapunyo fuzi Lui.
I'm not as smart as Lui.
Superlatives
Kakaliko has equivalents of the English superlatives “er” and “est”. These are “alu” and “elu” respectively. Both are added on to the front of adverbs or adjectives.
alubunyapunyo / smarter
eluponyanyo / fastest
Nouns
To turn an adjective into a noun, remove the dictionary ending and add “xa”. To turn a verb into a noun, remove the infinitive ending and add “bi”.
Listing Nouns
There are two ways to list nouns.
1. The "That's All" Way
This is used when you're making a definitive list. You just put "e", the particle for "and", after every thing you're listing, except the last. For example:
P1: Ofou te axaluliezi yozefue laokiji? (Who came to the party last night?)
P2: Kaxali e Kiki e Lui. (Catherine, Kiki and Louise. Just these people and nobody else.)
2. The "Wait, There's More" Way
This is used when you're making a general list. You put "diwa" after every thing you're listing. Example:
P1: Ofou te axaluliezi yozefue laokiji? (Who came to the party last night?)
P2: A, Kaxalituwa, Kikituwa, Luituwa. (Let's see, Catherine, Kiki and Louise...and who else? Even if I weren't too hungover to remember, I don't feel like listing anyone else anyway, so let's leave it at this.)
Plurality
To make a noun plural, add “li” to the end.
kuki (cookie) -> kukili (cookies)
Articles
Nouns in Kakaliko do not have gender, so there are only two articles needed: the definite and indefinite. These are like “the” and “a” in English.
te - the
pe - a
“Pe” is often omitted from speech. “Te”, however, must always be in the sentence.
There is also an article for heavy emphasis.
tezo - the bloody thing right here
Relative Clauses
In Kakaliko, the relative clause always comes before the main sentence. It must always be the possessor of a subject.
For example, this English sentence:
The girl, who was wearing a red sweater, smiled at me today.
Would be like this in Kakaliko:
Red sweater wore of girl, today me at smiled.
Te ponyepawa gumneo pefejizi tibelulau, lafei jefue upeji.
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Posted: Sun Mar 16, 2008 10:17 pm
IV. Grammar and Usage (cont.)
Make / Let
The verb for “make” is “fulabelu”, and the verb for “let” is “lokiyelu”. To say that someone is being made to do something, use this pattern:
PLAIN VERB fue fulabelu/lokiyelu.
For example:
Jezi kazemnau jeo bunyalu fue fulabeji.
My mother made me read.
(My mother made me in the direction of reading.)
Jezi kazemnau jeo koxato fue gifuxu fue lokiyeji.
My mother let me go to the concert.
(My mother let me in the direction of going to the concert.)
Volitional
To form the volitional, simply add “koye” to the beginning of the sentence.
Koye kokao xapowe?
Do you want some coffee? (Lit: volitional + coffee will drink?)
Koye luawe.
Let's dance.
Simultaneous Action
Pattern:
VERB bia VERB bie.
Bunyaji bia bijilio tabuji bie.
I read while I ate ice cream.
Pau loxeiji bia, xou luaji bie.
People danced as he sang.
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Posted: Sun Mar 16, 2008 10:25 pm
V.Basic Vocabulary
Suffixes
ki - lacking
pu - full of
nya - the product of
bi - the activity of
bu - one who
laxa - object used to
baxa - place of
xo - person
Prefixes
aka - very
tiki - not
mama - equivalent of English “ish” (weakens/softens meaning)
tibe - small
omna - big
la - now
axa - future
au - past
Pronouns
Je - I
Jezi - mine
Jenyo - u
Jenyozi - ours
Wa - you
Wazi - yours
Wanyo - you all
Wanyozi - yours (plural)
Xa - them
Xazi - theirs
Pa - he/her
Pazi - his/hers
Greetings
Likale: hello (polite)
Fatabu: hi; hey (slang)
Wafatabujiwu?: How are you? (lit: Have you eaten yet?)
Toto mnoka?: How are you? (lit: Sun shine?)
Kazekimno: goodbye (implies the speaker will not see the other person for a long time)
Kazeze: bye (slang)
Mnata: see you later
Mnata axafei: see you tomorrow
Numbers
zepe - zero
xeba - one
teli - two
zemna - three
gebu - four
keki - five
kikei - six
xalu - seven
faba - eight
mnike - nine
omni - ten
puomni - one-hundred
Forming other numbers is simple:
Omnikeki - fifteen
Teliomni - twenty
Puomnixeba - one-hundred and one
Puomniteliomnixeba - one hundred twenty one
Telipuomni - two hundred
Dates
year - xetui
this year - laxetui
last year - auxetui
next year - axaxetui
month - wue
this month - lawue
next month - axawue
last month - auwue
week - xizimni
this week - laxizimni
next week - axaxizmni
last week - auxizimni
day - fei
today - lafei
tomorrow - axafei
yesterday - aufei
In Kakaliko, dates go like this:
DAY / MONTH/ YEAR
Time
time - kamno
hour - jika
minute - pu
second - xixi
morning - amno
noon - filai
night - lulie
midnight - falulie
Telling time is like this:
(number) SECOND / (number) MINUTE / (number) HOUR
It's not common to tell time down to the second, but I wanted to include that anyway.
Example:
Kekipu xebajika / 1:05
Kekiomnipu telijika / 2:50
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Posted: Sun Mar 16, 2008 10:30 pm
VI.Kakaliko-English Dictionary
ALWAYS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Alali - ocean
Alale - Islam
Alalebu - Muslim
Alalu - to walk
Abako - up; above; on top of
Abalo - mist; shroud; veil; covering
Abalolu - to veil; to cover; to enshroud
Abapa - river
Abo - vegetarian
Abole - vegan
Abomni - perfection
Abomnixo - perfectionist
Abomnilo - perfect
Achulika - Africa
Ae - again
Aeya - grandmother
Aikatilu - to realize
Aiueomne - complicated
Aja - improvement
Ajalu - to improve
Ajemni - preparation; plan
Ajemnilo - planned; calculated
Ajemnixu - to prepare; to plan
Aji - flavor
Ajika - delicious
Ajikize - bland; bad-tasting
Ajia - Asia
Akaaiueomne - inaccessible; needlessly complicated; ridiculous
Akalaximnilo - cute; adorable; dear
Akalaximni - one's most prized possession
Akapielomne - hilarious
Akatawe - bonfire
Akazawufeko - stability; realism
Akazawufelo - grounded; stable; realistic
Ali - prison
Alilu - to capture; to imprison
Alixo - prisoner; hostage
Aloalolo - all right; so-so
Alukuzu - to stroll; to walk with a spring in one's step
Alu - call; cry
Alulu - to call; to cry out
Amnali - nostalgia
Amnalixu - to reminisce
Amnejimnogatakulu - to be so jealous as to hate someone
Amnejimnolo - jealous; envious
Amnejimnoxu - to be jealous; to envy
Amnelika - America
Amnepoti - baseball
Amni - weather
Amno - morning
Apa - dawn
Apalilo - new
Appa - idiot
Appo - right direction
Appote - right hand
Atalika - Antarctica
Atamni - image; illustration
Atamnichibu - comic artist
Atamnichi - comic
Atamninya - painting; drawing
Atamniraxa - paintbrush
Atamnixo - artist; painter
Atamnixu - to paint; to draw
Ataxale - shampoo
Ataze - head
Atazefa - brain
Atazekixo - doormat; someone easy to take advantage of
Atazekize - humble; meek
Atazepulo - prideful; vain
Au - the past
Aue - that over there
Autabu - breakfast
Axa - the future
Axae - that
Axajittuzu - to find out; to come to know
Axakaze - forecast; prediction
Axakazezu - to predict
Axakazebu - fortune teller
Axaki - there
Axatabu - breakfast
Axate - safety
Axateze - safe
Axutalia - Australia
Azugu - science
Babubeto - villain; antagonist; rival
Baiju - juice
Bakolu - to crumple
Balakalu - to break; to tear
Bamna - pain; wound
Bamnake - ache
Bamnakezu - to ache
Bamnalo - painful
Bamnalu - to hurt; to injure
Bamnape - weapon
Bapolu - to fill; to pack
Bapopo - full; bursting with
Bappo - left direction
Bappote - left hand
Bate - father
Batu - door
Baxa - place
Baxuta - trip; tour
Baxutalutuo - tourist
Baxutaluzu - to tour; to take a trip
Bexiatu - winter
Bazu - bus
Be - ideology
Bemnu - brother
Bequa - politics
Bequabu - politican
Bia - against
Biamneli - rebellion; protest
Biamnelu - to rebel; to rise against; to protest
Bibochike - break up
Bibochikelu - to part ways; to break up
Bibocho
Bibocholu
Bibojilu
Bibojinya
Biboki
Bibokizu
Bielo
Bietalo
Bietalu
Biexu
Biexulo
Bifewa
Bifewalu
Bijili
Bekilu
Bimnu
Bimnumni
Bopoli
Bopolu
Boulamna
Bubukilu
Bubulilo
Budale
Budalebu
Bulala
Bulalalu
Buli
Bulialo
Buliade
Bulialu
Bunya
Bunyabaxa
Bunyakize
Bunyalu
Bunyapulo
Bunyapuxo
Bunyaxo
Bulamnuko
Bulamnuge
Buwalu
Buwaki
Buwabuwalu
Buxo
Buxomne
Buxoqua
Buye
Buyoka
Chacha
Chaile
Chailebu
Chamne
Chamnenya
Chamnexo
Chapu
Che
Chedo
Chedoe
Chedofe
Chedomno
Chichi
Chidule
Chidulebu
Chike
Chikelu
Chikeomna
Chila
Chilalo
Cho
Choa
Choazu
Choxaze
Chu
Chudo
Chudoka
Chuzi
Chuka
Chuzu
Da
Dai
Dalu
Dadailo
Dawelo
Dawelu
Dayala
Dayataulu
Daye
Dayezu
Debiqua
Debiquazu
Debulo
Debuyaze
Deguali
Degualu
Demnobe
Demnobebu
Doda
Dodalo
Dodalu
Dodo
Dodoka
Dojipoti
Dokaze
Dokazozu
Dola
Dolalo
Dolanya
Doqueya
Douro
Dowamni
Dowamnibu
Doye
Doyoquo
Doyoyolu
Doze
Dozexu
Dozeze
E
Eimni
Eiwemnu
Eiyala
Ela
Elimnika
Elimnikalo
Elimnikazu
Elo
Elogi
Elolo
Elu
Elugeje
Elunya
Eluxa
Epafa
Epaxanya
Epaxazu
Epomni
Epomnize
Eponyi
Eponyilo
Epoquelu
Exaipa
Exaipawemnu
Etiopia
Etoze
Exulibe
Exulibete
Exupede
Exupelu
Exupemne
Ezu
Ezulimne
Fa
Faguluwemnu
Faguluyala
Fala
Falalu
Falaxi
Falaxu
Falauxu
Falau
Faleka
Falekaxo
Falulie
Famna
Fatabu
Fataqua
Fataquaxo
Fatifei
Fatimni
Fatimniki
Fatimnikilo
Fatimnilo
Fatimnipulo
Feda
Fepe
Fewa
Fewowo
Fi
Fibu
Fifetu
Fifetulo
Fifetuloquaze
Fifetumni
Fikilo
Fipiki
Fikixo
Filai
Filu
Filubaxa
Filuxo
Fiwa
Fiwelalu
Fiwecho
Fofo
Fomni
Fomnize
Fopo
Fuaza
Fufulo
Fulabe
Fulabelu
Fulawemnu
Fulayala
Fuloku
Fulu
Fulunya
Fumno
Gabanyo
Gaewobu
Gaexu
Gaki
Gakotizu
Gaku
Gakuxi
Gakuxizu
Galaqua
Galamne
Galaquala
Galaqualaze
Gamno
Gao
Gaqua
Gaquaze
Gawa
Gawakizubu
Gawakizulu
Gaxi
Gaxilo
Gaxixo
Ge
Gechi
Gechicha
Gechichabu
Gechifueza
Gechilo
Gechizu
Gejeppu
Gibae
Gifulu
Gijalu
Go
Gojole
Gojokefe
Gomnu
Gomnupulo
Gumne
Guzamni
Guzamnibaze
Guzamnialabaxa
Guzamnilu
Guzamnixo
Guzamniye
Guzamniyelu
Ia
Iabi
Iabizu
Iafei
Ialu
Ibola
Ilaka
Ilakanya
Ilakaze
Ilakazu
Ilakati
Ilakatizu
Ilebe
Ilebeze
Ilo
Ilomne
Imne
Imnefatilu
Imneki
Imnexaba
Imnexabailu
Inyazi
Inyazikize
Inyazilu
Inyazipulo
Iopole
Iopolelo
Italia
Italiawemnu
Ixa
Ixalu
Iwelu
Izo
Izomne
Izu
Janyi
Janyinya
Janyinyalu
Janyipe
Janyixo
Janyixu
Je
Jie
Jiekilo
Jiekixo
Jiechebu
Jiechebulu
Jiechelu
Jika
Jikalu
Jiki
Jitajilo
Jitajimna
Jittuzu
Jitu
Jolalu
Jolanya
Juede
Juedenya
Juedenyazu
Juedexu
Jumniuelo
Jumnoga
Junyu
Junyulu
Kabekixo
Kabekixobaxa
Kabelixi
Kabexa
Kabexaloraxa
Kabexamne
Kabexaxo
Kabu
Kabuki
Kabuxuto
Kafapo
Kafe
Kaimno
Kakabatu
Kakabemnu
Kakakali
Kakazemna
Kala
Kalaku
Kalemne
Kali
Kalo
Kalofueza
Kaloe
Kalu
Kamna
Kamnabe
Kamno
Kapei
Kapeilu
Kata
Katalo
Katamna
Katalu
Katapi
Katapilalu
Katayai
Katayalu
Katayaze
Katayazu
Katowemnu
Katoyala
Kaze
Kazelo
Kazenya
Kazenyaze
Kazeyakazu
Kazemna
Kazemnalo
Kazemnayayalu
Kazemnala
Kazenyalu
Kazeze
Kazepikilo
Kazi
Kazomne
Kedilo
Kedilu
Kefe
Kefemneli
Kefemnelu
Kelu
Kemna
Kemnanya
Kemnaxu
Kexigoli
Kexigolu
Kexiqua
Kexiko
Ki
Kika
Kikailo
k**e
Kikepulo
Kikepuzu
Kikika
Kikili
Kikilo
Kilimnato
Kilimnazu
Kimni
Kimnio
Kimniozu
Kiu
Kizu
Kizuze
Kizuzu
Ko
Kobebelo
Koka
Kokatalo
Kokauelo
Koko
Kokolo
Kokolu
Konya
Koxato
Kukeli
Kuki
Kulakona
Kulakonapulo
Kulakonaxu
Kulakopuxo
Kulalo
Kulapu
Kulemni
Kulio
Kuliolo
Kuliuelo
Komnuibe
Komnuibebu
Kutu
Kutuba
Kutuomna
Kutuzu
La
Lae
Lago
Lagoxo
Lagoze
Laki
Lakigo
Lalalalo
Lalogu
Lamna
Lamnakize
Lamnapulo
Laoki
Laokilu
Latabu
Lazi
Lazibu
Lazimne
Lazixu
Le
Leiji
Lepuibe
Lepuibebu
Lezu
Leimnulu
Leimnu
Leimnulu
Leimnuze
Lelozu
Lemne
Lezelu
Liala
Lialaxo
Lialaze
Likale
Likimne
Lique
Loexi
Loexibu
Loexilu
Loilo
Lokiye
Lokiyelu
Lolipo
Lolo
Lomni
Lomnipoti
Loxei
Loxeilu
Loxi
Loxilu
Lozixu
Lu
Luala
Lualu
Lula
Lulae
Lulafe
Lulamno
Lulie
Lumnebo
Lumnebolu
Lumnekize
Lumnelu
Lumneraxa
Lumneto
Luxi
Mnalixu
Mnaitaizu
Mnalaque
Mnalaqueze
Mnalaquezu
Mnali
Mnalinya
Mnalinyalo
Mnatelo
Mnefukulo
Mnefukutabule
Mnefukutabulu
Mnejatto
Mnejattolo
Mnekali
Mnekalixu
Mnelezu
Mneli
Mnekefe
Mnekize
Mnelu
Mnelayala
Mnecha
Mnechaze
Mnepeja
Mnepelo
Mnepefe
Mnepulo
Mneye
Mneyelu
Mnifowemnu
Mnifoyala
Mnikaloezu
Mnikize
Mnimni
Mnimnilu
Mnito
Mnitolo
Mno
Mnoata
Mnoitalu
Mnojo
Mnojobe
Mnojoepaxanya
Mnojoze
Mnojulu
Mnoka
Mnokalo
Mnokalu
Mnokoximne
Mnoli
Mnozu
Mnozunya
Mnozuxo
Mnufi
Mnula
Mnuli
Mnule
Mnulebolamna
Mnulefueza
Mnulelo
Nya
Oanya
Obakuzu
Odecha
Oemno
Ofae
Ofaezu
Ofo
Oi
Okei
Olaize
Omna
Omnakamnalo
Omnalo
Omnatekabu
Omnatekabulo
Omnaxuto
Omnazawufe
Omnazawufekabe
Omnepo
Omnepolo
Omnabamna
Omnabazu
Opazu
Opazupazu
Oxomnalo
Pa
Pafumni
Paja
Panyanya
Papati
Patumnulu
Pazu
Pefe
Pefekize
Pefelu
Pefepulo
Peko
Petelo
Petechelo
Petechelu
Pielo
Pielolu
Pielomna
Pielomne
Piexu
Pikaxu
Pila
Pilaje
Pilidi
Piloxuki
Pipila
Pippi
Piza
Poelu
Pokafomnutazu
Polo
Pologakotilu
Pomnolu
Ponya
Ponyaze
Ponyelo
Ponyeponyezu
Ponyezu
Poqua
Poti
Pula
Pulaqua
Pulaquakize
Puli
Pulike
Pulikebu
Pulikezu
Pulipulo
Pulu
Puluya
Puluzu
Pupi
Pupu
Qualika
Qualizu
Que
Quelo
Quemne
Quemnela
Quemnelu
Quielo
Quila
Quilalu
Quilolu
Tabade
Tabako
Tabuba
Tabunya
Tabunyakize
Tabunyapulo
Taburaxa
Tabuxu
Taka
Takala
Takalazu
Takalo
Tali
Taliuelo
Tamnezu
Tamnexo
Tamni
Tamnipo
Tamnipopumne
Tatanya
Tataxo
Tatazuxowe
Tataxu
Tawe
Tawefueza
Tawekize
Tawelu
Tawepulo
Te
Tebo
Tebolu
Techi
Temno
Temnozu
Tepi
Tepilula
Tepoti
Tetamni
Tetamnilu
Tetexo
Tetexu
Texuxu
Tibechede
Tibechedemno
Tibefixo
Tibekukeli
Tibekukelilo
Tibekulemni
Tibelalogu
Tibelula
Tibelulamno
Tibepa
Tibete
Tibetelu
Tibexa
Tibezawufe
Tikitibetikiomnalo
Tilu
Tilumno
Tinyolu
Tinyoque
Tiwala
Toja
Tomnelu
Tomnokolu
Tomnolo
Tonyemni
Tonyemninya
Toto
Totoe
Totokeze
Totoikize
Totoleto
Totoletomne
Totolo
Totomnoka
Totopulo
Towa
Towalo
Towakuzu
Towamni
Tufeli
Tugakize
Tugakizexo
Tuganyo
Tulibu
Tuliponya
Tuwifo
Tuwifopumne
Uamni
Ue
Uelo
Uluzu
Unyi
Unyikize
Unyilo
Upemne
Upezu
Uxulu
Uxulunya
Uxumnafifetu
Uxumnalu
Watola
Watinyo
Watinyolu
Webu
Weibi
Weibilu
Weixa
Wemnu
Wewifueza
Wewilu
Wewikole
Wibopikize
Wibopipulo
Wibopizu
Wikale
Wikalebu
Wiwekole
Wiwekolelu
Woilo
Woipuli
Woipulimne
Woipulixo
Woixo
Wueba
Wuebalu
Wufeze
Wudaze
Xabai
Xabailu
Xabaixo
Xalalalu
Xalalu
Xale
Xalo
Xalopo
Xaloquelu
Xanyo
Xapoki
Xapokiuelo
Xapolu
Xapomnu
Xapomnuxu
Xapobu
Xataxa
Xataza
Xemnilu
Xemnibi
Xemnixo
Xenye
Xenyelo
Xeumna
Xexetotolo
Xexetotoyafe
Xexilu
Xexilunya
Xexipulo
Xife
Xilubi
Ximni
Ximnimni
Ximninya
Ximninye
Xinyu
Xinyuelo
Xitulu
Xituxo
Xituxu
Xo
Xoali
Xoalixo
Xobuzu
Xojittuzu
Xokalilo
Xola
Xolabuzu
Xolalu
Xolanya
Xoli
Xolielimna
Xotoxomne
Xotui
Xotuibi
Xotuize
Xotuikize
Xotuizu
Xowo
Xowoke
Xowokelu
Xowolu
Xoxabailo
Xui
Xuiki
Xuikize
Xuikizu
Xuinya
Xuipumne
Xuiuelo
Xuixo
Xumnakipaku
Xuto
Xutoxu
Ya
Yala
Yali
Yalilu
Yalibu
Yayuxo
Yayute
Yayuzu
Yeda
Yopela
Yopelaze
Yolopa
Yoze
Zabezonya
Zabezozu
Zakalaia
Zawufe
Zawufekize
Zawufetamni
Ze
Zejila
Zeli
Zelilu
Zelinya
Zelique
Zeliquezu
Zelo
Zepe
Zeulo
Zeuloze
Zeulu
Zezeku
Zezekilo
Zezelo
Zixi
Zoe
Zolu
Zolubu
Zui
Zumneta
Zuozuoa
Zupo
Zuta
Zuxotopii
Zuxowe
Zuyabi
Zuyabipoti
Zuyai
Zuze
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Posted: Sun Mar 16, 2008 10:31 pm
VII. English-Kakaliko Dictionary
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Posted: Sun Mar 16, 2008 10:34 pm
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Posted: Sun Mar 16, 2008 10:43 pm
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Posted: Mon Mar 17, 2008 12:26 am
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Posted: Mon Mar 17, 2008 12:47 am
X. Updates
March 17, 2008: Posted the thread with most of the material I have on Kakaliko so far. I need to post the rest of the Kakaliko-English dictionary and start on the English-Kakaliko dictionary. I'll post some beginner's exercises tomorrow.
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