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1. Parts of Speech
NOTE: These terms may vary in use from language to language, and some parts of speech work completely differently in different languages (an example, in some languages, an adjective can also be an adverb...).
Phonology
-Phonemes: The sounds of the languages
-Phonotactics: the rules of the sonds
-Syllabes
-Stress
Noun
-Refers to person, place, thing, idea, or event.
Pronoun
-Generic noun-like word standing in for a noun.
Verb
-Refers to an action.
Adjective
-Modifies a noun or pronoun.
Adverb
-Modifies a non-noun part of speech.
-Answers questions: Why? How? When? Where? To what extent? How often?
-Often broken down into three categories: Time, Manner, Place
-Sometimes considered the "catch-all" part of speech.
Adposition
-Modifies or complements a noun phrase
-Usually adds relative spatial information (to, in, on, around, etc)
-Three kinds: Preposition, Postposition, Circumposition
Conjunction
-Connects two words, phrases, or clauses
Interjection
-Grammatically independent from a sentence
-Words like "wow," or "hey"
Contraction
-New word formed out of two or more words (aren't, I'm, y'all, etc)
Determiner
-Modifies a noun similarly to an adjective, but indicating "which" or "how many"
-Articles (a, an, the)
-Quantifiers (all, few, any) and Numbers (one, five, twenty)
-Demonstratives (this, that, these, those)
-Possessive adjectives (his, hers, my, your)
Particle
-Miscellaneous category, generally including words that modify the part of speech, case, or other state of another word
(last edited by Sano Parmandil(Just added phonology))
//This is a basic format. Needs explanations, clarifications, cross-language examples (ie other than English), etc
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