Positional Terminology:
A. Pawn Formation/Structure
1. Isolated : a pawn w/ any pawns of the same color on an adjacent file
2. Pawn Island : a contiguous set of pawns of one color scanning by file w/o pawns for that player if found
3. Doubled : two pawns of the same color on the same file
4. Backward : a pawn that can advance but cannot do so safely
5. Hanging : a term of Steinitz for 2 adjacent pawns w/c are on the fourth rank, cannot be supported by other pawns, are not passed pawns & w/c are on half-open files
6. Overextension : when space is gained too fast by pushing pawns forward & trying to control a lot of territory
7. Advanced : a pawn that has passed the central line of the chess board w/c is between the fourth & fifth ranks
8. Passed : a pawn that has no opposition pawns that can either block or capture it before it promotes
9. Connected Passed : 2 or more passed pawns of the same color on adjacent files w/c can protect themselves
10. Outside Passed : a passed pawn away from the most of the other pawns on the board
11. Pawn Chain : a diagonal set of pawns w/c protect each other
12. Pawn Storm : the general advance of 2 or more connected pawns
13. Majority : when one player has more pawns on one side of the board
14. Minority : when one player has less pawns on one side of the board
15. Break Moves : a pawn push that causes disruption in the pawn chain of one's opponent
B. Ranks and Files
1. Open File :a file with no pawns on it
2. Semi-open File : a file that only has an opponent's pawn on it
3. Closed File : a file with both colored pawns on it.
C. Squares
1. Weak : squares that cannot be attacked by a pawn
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White - Attack
Black - Defense
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