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 Posted: Mon Mar 12, 2007 10:03 pm
Safe To Post and all that junk.
Okay, so my Vadeska kinda did take more Slavic influence than I'd originally planned. So here's my Romance-like language. This is sorta what I'd picture Spanish and Italian would look like combined... and Romanian, too, I guess. Throw that good 'ol Scandinavian Ø in there for good measure.
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Posted: Mon Mar 12, 2007 10:07 pm
The Alphabet
Aa - father
Bb - English B
Dd - English D
Ee - wreck
Ff - English F
Gg - English G (but never J)
Xx - English H
Ii - machine
Kk - English K
Ll - English L
Mm - English M
Nn - English N
Oo - no
Øø - cookie
Pp - English P
Rr - Spanish R (single roll)
Cc - English S
Čč - English SH
Tt - English T
Uu - rune
Vv - English V
Yy - English Y
Zz - English Z
Žž - treasure [Russian Ж, French J]
Accent marks
The purpose of the accent marks (á, é, í, ó, ǿ, ú) is simply to indicate where syllable stress falls irregularly - it usually falls in the second-to-last syllable:
tina - aunt
persono - person
But the accents make the stress shift to wherever it's located:
tiná - tin
pérsono(a) - personal
Diphthongs
It's very simple. If you two vowels next to eachother, combine the sounds.
a (ah) + i (ee) = ai (like the word 'eye')
he (heh) + i (ee) = hei (like the word 'hey')
o (oh) + il (eel) = oil (it IS the word 'oil')
u (ooh) + i (ee) = ui (like the word 'we')
There will be some weird sounding ones, like eu, and ones that sound like they have a Y in between them, like eo and ea, etc.
All possible dipthongs:
ea
ia
oa
ua
ae
ie
oe
ue
ai
ei
oi
ui
ao
eo
io
uo
au
eu
iu
ou (all this is is a more drawn-out O)
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Posted: Mon Mar 12, 2007 10:25 pm
Personal Pronouns
Subject pronouns
uo - I
te - you
lei/ce - he/she
coíri - we
tuíri - you (pl.)
ile - they
Unlike in Spanish and Italian, the coíri, tuíri and ile forms are not gender-specific. They refer to plural groups composed of all male, female or mixed male and female subjects.
Object pronouns
me - me
to - you
leu/cu/cic - him/her
coi - us
tui - you (pl.)
ilen - them
Reflexive pronouns
me - myself
to - yourself
cic - himself/herself/itself
coi - ourselves
tui - yourselves
cic - themselves
Possessive pronouns
ma - my
túa - your
lía/cía - his/her
coya - our
tuya - your (pl.)
ilía - their
Unlike in Spanish, these don't have plural forms:
ma surmo (my dream) --> ma surmi (my dreams)
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Posted: Mon Mar 12, 2007 10:27 pm
Verb Conjugation
To conjugate verbs in the present tense, remove the ending (á) and attatch the following endings to the verb stem for each appropriate form:
uo - o
te - e
lei/cu - et
coíri - eni
tuíri - ái
ile - i
xodá - to wear
uo xodo - I wear
te xode - you wear
lei/cu xodet - he wears
coíri xodeni - we wear
tuíri xodái - you wear (pl.)
ile xodi - they wear
teblá - to put, set, place
uo teblo - I put
te teble - you put
lei/cu teblet - he puts
coíri tebleni - we put
tuíri teblái - you put (pl.)
ile tebli - they put
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Posted: Mon Mar 12, 2007 10:29 pm
The Past Tense
These are conjugated the same way as the present tense. The endings for each form are as follows:
uo - éo
te - ú
lei/cu - út
coíri - oni
tuíri - ói
ile - uéi
xodá - to wear
uo xodéo - I wore
te xodú - you wore
lei/cu xodút - he wore
coíri xodoni - we wore
tuíri xodói - you wore (pl.)
ile xoduéi - they wore
teblá - to put, set, place
uo tebléo - I put
te teblú - you put
lei/cu teblút - he put
coíri tebloni - we put
tuíri teblói - you put (pl.)
ile tebluéi - they put
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Posted: Tue Mar 13, 2007 1:39 am
The Future Tense
Yet more conjugation-formed tensing. These ones do NOT remove the final á (it becomes unstressed, though). The endings to attach to the infinitive:
uo - ló
te - lé
lei/cu - lét
coíri - leni
tuíri - lái
ile - lí
xodá - to wear
uo xodaló - I will wear
te xodalé - you will wear
lei/cu xodalét - he will wear
coíri xodaleni - we will wear
tuíri xodalái - you will wear (pl.)
ile xodalí - they will wear
teblá - to put, set, place
uo teblaló - I will put
te teblalé - you will put
lei/cu teblalét - he will put
coíri teblaleni - we will put
tuíri teblalái - you will put (pl.)
ile teblalí - they will put
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Posted: Tue Mar 13, 2007 1:46 am
Nouns, Articles and Pluralization
The definite articles
lo - the (masc.)
la - the (fem.)
li - the (pl., both)
The indefinite articles
in - a (masc.)
ina - a (fem.)
ini - some (pl., both)
The demonstrative articles
icto - this (masc.)
icta - this (fem.)
icti - these (pl., both)
ico - that (masc.)
ica - that (fem.)
ici - those (pl., both)
Common contractions with da
The word da, meaning 'of' (like Italian di or Spanish de) and can be contracted with other words:
da + in = d'in [d'ina, d'ini] (of a/of some)
da + icto = d'icto [d'icta, d'icti] (of this/of these)
da + ico = d'ico [d'ica, d'ici] (of that/of those)
da + any noun beginning with a vowel, EX:
da + elefanti = d'elefanti (of elephants)
da + omari = d'omari (of beasts)
Pluralization
To pluralize a noun ending in a consonant, simply add -i:
la citat (the city) --> li citati (the cities)
lo xockún (the chicken) --> li xockuni {keeping the accent on the U is now redundant, as it's now the 2nd-to-last syllable}
To pluralize a noun ending in one or more vowels, remove the ending vowels and add -i:
la terra (the land) --> li terri (the lands)
lo mønduo (the world) --> li møndi (the worlds)
For words which can be made feminine or masculine depending on the ending (tino - uncle, tina - aunt), there are two possible pluralizations. First is to pluralize them based on specifics of the objects' gender - add an -í without removing the ending vowel(s) for the following effect:
EX1
la tina (aunt) --> li tinaí (the aunts)
lo tino (uncle) --> li tinoí (the uncles)
EX2
la abuona (the grandmother) --> li abuonaí (the grandmothers)
lo abuono (the grandfather) --> li abuonoí (the grandfathers)
The other way would be to pluralize the words as normal, to give an effect of mixed gender:
EX1
la tina/lo tino (the aunt/the uncle) --> li tini (the aunts and uncles)
EX2
la abuona/lo abuono (the grandmother/father) --> li abuoni (the grandparents)
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Posted: Tue Mar 13, 2007 4:15 am
List of Verbs
antmirá - to admire
amorá - to love
antá - to go
brømá - to drink
frinčá - to surrender
gectá - to like
xeá - to have
xodiná - to hate
ictá - to try, attempt
kaidá - to fall
kofá - to sell
komá - to eat
lacimá - to cry
lená - to care
mará - to look
orná - to organize
penzá (an) - to think (about)
rixá - to laugh
camá - to swim
čainá - to seem
celá - to guard
ckoná - to seek, search for
ckučá - to listen
cta - to be
texá - to let, permit
vená - to come
vicá - to see
vizitá - to visit
vølká - to cloud
zolká - to clean
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Posted: Tue Mar 13, 2007 4:32 am
List of Nouns
la abel - apple
la abelcín - orange
lo antrato - entrance
la avua - water
lo beckato - fish
lo brømato - drink, beverage
lo degi - day
lo degi da l'eni - birthday
lo eno - year
la foág - bird
la frøta - fruit
la xemata - shirt
lo xoze - pants (hose)
la xuca - juice
la xuca d'abel - apple juice
la xuca d'abelcín - orange juice
la xuca da tobél - grape juice
lo karro - car
lo kato - cat
la lic - light
la luva - bathtub
lo mønduo - world
la mørda - death
lo načǿm - birth
lo omaro - beast
lo tace - cup
la tobél - grape
lo velken - sky, heaven
la vølka - cloud
la zølma - backpack
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Posted: Tue Mar 13, 2007 4:36 am
Present, Past and Future Progressive
Present progressive tense
To tell what one is currently doing, use the verb cta in its conjugated forms with the stem of a verb + ante:
Uo cto komante. I am eating. [from komá - to eat]
Ce ctet zolkante la kukira. She is cleaning the kitchen. [from zolká - to clean]
Coíri cteni ornante li bivli. We are organizing the books. [from orná - to organize]
Past progressive tense
Same thing, only telling what one was doing. This pretty much would play the role of the imperfect (i.e., hablaba) tense in Spanish, etc. Past tense of cta is used:
Lei ctut antante a lo ctendo. He was going to the store. [from antá - to go]
(Te) Ctu brømante icta avua? Were you drinking this water? [from brømá - to drink]
Ile cuei izdante a xeá in konvercatčio. They were trying to have a conversation. [from izdá - to try]
Future progressive tense
To tell what one will be doing, use the same formula as the previous two tenses, but with the future tense of cta:
Coíri ctaleni penzante an ico. We will be thinking about that. [from penzá (an) - to think (about)]
Uo ctaló kofante ma bícikal. I will be selling my bicycle. [from kofá - to sell]
Ce ctalét vizitánteme. She will be visiting me. [from vizitá - to visit]
(object pronouns can attatch to the end of the -ante, like Spanish equivalent "Ella estará visitandome". The A in -ante gets an accent mark to preserve stress)
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Posted: Tue Mar 13, 2007 4:38 am
Negatives, Inquisitives and Imperatives
Negatives
To say what does not happen, use the word "nun" before the verb:
Uo nun anto alí. I don't go there.
Ce nun to vicet. She doesn't see you.
Inquisitives
To ask questions, you can simply make an ordinary statement with a rising inclination of the voice. It's common to remove the subject articles (except for lei and ce):
(Te) Nun xee ina zølma? You don't have a backpack?
(Coíri) Cteni xodri ø togi? Are we men or mice?
Imperatives
To give a command (positive or negative), use the conjugated forms of te or tuíri without the subject article:
Nun kome icto! Don't eat that!.
Ante a McDonald's e obténeme in Snackwrap. Go to McDonald's and get me a Snackwrap.
(obtene is the command for obtená, and commands can, like the progressive -ante, attach object pronouns to the end. Again there is an accent to preserve stress)
To give a comand in the coíri form, use the conjugated form of coíri but move the stress back by one syllable with an accent.
Brǿmeni! Let's drink! [from original coíri form brømeni]
Ánteni alí! Let's go there! [from original coíri form anteni]
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Posted: Tue Mar 13, 2007 4:40 am
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Posted: Thu Mar 22, 2007 4:50 pm
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Posted: Thu Mar 22, 2007 4:53 pm
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Posted: Thu Mar 22, 2007 4:56 pm
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Reply
