-The basics-
There are 40 total in-game rings, and something like 5 special event rings.
In game rings are dropped as loot from monsters you kill. The drops are random, so you have a 1 in 40 chance of getting the ring you want, though some rings tend to drop more frequently in certain areas. You can also choose some rings by doing certain NPC quests.
***Special event rings like Fortune's favour, sugar rush and sweetheart are no longer available in game. You need to buy them on the MP if you want them, and many people debate whether or not it's worth it.***
To get your rings to a higher level, use the purple orbs when you are in the Null crystal to upgrade your rings. Click on the ring you want to upgrade, and it will give you the option to either upgrade the ring or salvage it for it's value in orbs. If you have multiples of a ring, you can salvage them to level up other rings. Higher level rings will drop in higher level areas, so once you get a good set you can start farming more areas and increase your chances of getting more diverse/higher level rings.
To improve your chance of getting loot/rings, do a lot of farming in places like Saw Mill and Shallow seas (or Bill's ranch/Zen Garden depending on what your level is now) - Use rings like Divinity, Coyote spirit and fitness if you have it. All of these will increase your luck. (Though fitness is a "passive" ring, so you don't use it like other rings, it just sits there and ups your stats.)
It's also a good idea to get a crew. Being in a crew will again, increase your chances of loot, and also, places like Saw Mill and Shallow Seas can be hard to do solo.
Good luck.
3nodding