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As homosexual as Sam appears to me and weak and annoying in the movies (especially the third), he is a key part to Frodo's success in destroying the ring. It would be very unique if Sam hadn't been along and I'm not saying Frodo would be dead or hadn't made it because he totally could have. Sam's inclusion in the books is symbolic just like everything else in the trilogy. I believe that JRR Tolkien included Sam as the "layman" of the church. Frodo had to take the ring AKA Christ had to carry the cross, Frodo freed Middle Earth, but before doing so, he had disciples along the way that he built up and who aided him in ministry, so Sam is a disciple, an aid, he helps takes the burden off Frodo's shoulder. He was the continuation of the Fellowship. Frodo might have lived, but would have he succeeded? Tough question, I say yes he would have but the symbolism and the meaning would have been totally different.
I cannot see how your sexual preference contributes to characterisation of Sam.
Based on Sam's actions in the books he was...
Loyal: Followed Frodo through to the end
Protective: Tried to show Gollum's treacherous nature to Frodo
Brave: Fought of the orcs to reach Frodo when he realised Frodo was still alive
Humble: He was willing to serve someone younger then him
A ringbearer (Even though it was only a short time)
Unlike Frodo, he got the girl in the end and had many children xD
In the end, Samwise role in the story closer to a classic hero, while Frodo was the sacrifice. I believe the links that you have mentioned from Bible to LOTR are laboured metaphor. According to Tolkien, Lord of the rings was "a fundamentally religious and Catholic work, unconsciously so at first, but consciously in the revision." The biblical influences are written in the form of themes such as self-sacrifice and fellowship. Frodo was a simple hobbit. He did not teach/train disciples, perform miracles or die for humanity. All he did was carry the ring.
[edit] I believe without Sam, he would be dead.