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Introduction to Alchemy has it, but it's pretty easy to explain. Each level, you need as much XP as crafting ten items of your level will get you. The actual numbers double with every level; at level 1, you get 1 XP for each level-1 formula and you need 10 XP to level up. At level 2, you get 2 for each level-2 formula and you need 20...at level 3, you get 4 for each level-3 formula and you need 40...and so on until you're level-9, getting 256 XP for each formula and needing 2,560 to reach level 10.
The only kind-of-complicated part is how much XP you get for crafting a formula that's one level below you. At level 1, of course, this is impossible. At level 2, you continue to get 1 XP for each level-1 formula, so you can level up with 10 level-2 formulas, or 20 level-1s, or some other combination.
Starting at level 3, the pattern is established that will be with you for the rest of your alchemy career. A formula one level below you will be worth ¼ as much as a formula of your level, so reaching level-5 by crafting just level-4 formulas will take 40 crafts. And a formula two or more levels below you is worth no XP at all.