Ho boy! Well, I have quite an obnoxious obsession with the Romans, so just pretend that my native language is Latin, because that's what I'm going to give you. x3 You Italian, French, Spanish and Portuguese speakers may find that you already know some of these words. ;D This is, by the way, classical Latin as used by the Romans, not the Latin used by the Roman Catholic Church.
First things first, I had to take a few liberties in the translation here. One of the largest factors is Latin's strict grammar making way for free word order; considerable emphasis comes upon things expressed at the beginning of the sentence, so some of them have been completely flip-flopped for this purpose. I am a grammar/linguistic freak nerd, so while you did ask for a general explanation, I fear that my nerd speak may become a little overwhelming. I apologize in advance. ^ ^;
1."Whatever you say...."
I. Quodcunque ais...
2. "The _______ is prettier than the __________."
II. _____ pulchrior / pulchrius quam _____.
3. "Stop fighting!"
III. Pugnam desine! / desinite!
4. "I don't want to be like that. I will never be like that."
IV. Esse istimodi non volo. Numquam ero istimodi.
5. "No one knows..."
V. Nemo ___ scit. / Nemo ___ gnoscit.
6. "I never thought...."
VI. Numquam putavi...
7. "I'm not like that!"
VII. Istimodi non sum!
8. "I did it again..."
VIII. Iterum facio...
9. "_____ read the stars for others as a hobby."
IX. ___ astra legit ob aliis requie.
10. "I wasn't talking to you."
X. Tibi non dicebam.
11. "We're not like you say! We do have a chance! How can you possibly know that?!"
XI. Sicut dicis non sumus! Fortem habemus! Quomodo fortassis scis?!
12. "She doesn't know what she's talking about."
XII. (Illa) non scit quæ loquitur.
13. "I didn't think it was something like this."
XIII. Istimodi fuit non putavi.
14. "Sorry I'm boring."
XIV. Me pænitet qui odiosus. / quæ odiosa.
15. "I usually don't tell people this..."
XV. Quotidie non narro...
16. "It's happened to me too."
XVI. Mihi quoque factus est. / factus erat.
17. "People don't like me because I don't WANT to be more like one of them."
XVII. c** non velim esse sicut isti / istæ / ista, populus me odiunt.
18. "That wasn't that bad."
XVIII. Tam malum non fuit.
19. "People today are confused by ______ and _______."
XIX. Hoc saeculum ab _____-que _____ perturbat.
20. "Things will never be the same again. Never."
XX. Nihil iterum umquam idem. Umquam.
1. Not much to say about this one.
2. There are no articles in Latin (a, an or the) so you need not worry about their absence; they are implied. Pulchrior is "prettier" but is common gender (masculine or feminine) and pulchrius is the same, but neuter. Therefore, one would use "pulchrior" to describe a person or common-gendered noun who is prettier and "pulchrius" to describe any noun that is neuter and prettier.
3. "Desine" is singular (you cease [the fighting]!); "desinite" is plural (you all cease [the fighting]!).
4. Again, nothing much to say.
5. The first implies that no one "understands". The second indicates that no one "is acquainted with" or "familiar with" (it).
6. I was not sure if you wanted to continue this sentence. In Latin, that is not an easy place to break it; if you were to say "I never thought... life would be hard", then you must use the relative pronoun ("that" ) between 'thought' and 'life'. The problem here is that if it remains ambiguous, the relative pronoun can undergo a huge plethora of different conjugations because it is partly determined by what is in the following clause, which is absent. If the subject of the first part (I) is female and the verb of the next clause is "be", then the pronoun would be "quæ"; "Numquam putavi quæ..." If not, it could be "qui", depending on the gender of the subject and the case of the next clause. Or it could be "quem", or "quam", or "quos", or "quas", "cuius", "quorum", "quarum", "cui", "quo", "qua", "quibus"... See the dilemma? =P
7. Nothing special.
8. Nothing changes much here.
9. This one threw me a bit. I assume you meant to place a name in the blank, like "Marcus reads the stars for others as a hobby." If that's the case, the sentence does not change. If not... then I will need to alter the grammar of that one a bit. ^ ^;
10. Nothing really changes here either.
11. This one doesn't change around much as well.
12. "Illa" is not necessary, and including it gives emphasis to the fact that it's she who does not know what she is saying. The gender of the subject is given by "quæ".
13. This verb might be starting to look familiar by now. ;P No changes here.
14. The first half is if the speaker is a male. The second of the speaker is a female.
15. A little of this sentence was left to implication and more literally means "normally I do not tell about (this)..."
16. "Factus est" indicates that it happened to you only once. "Factus erat" implies that it has happened and continues to happen or has happened repeatedly over a long period of time.
17. This sentence was completely inverted to emphasize the word you capitalized. As for the three words there, isti means you do not want to be like those guys (a specific group of males), istæ for not wanting to be like those girls, and ista for not wanting to be like them (people) in general. Likewise, the use of this pronoun indicates a clear contempt or anger; you seemed to be going for that in this sentence.
18. Not much to say on this one.
19. Okay, this one's a kicker. First of all, -que goes on the end of whatever word you put in the first blank; there is no space or hyphen. Now, normally, I would not use "ab" there because it's a rather late Latin practice to use prepositions, but the blanks left it too ambiguous. The words that go in the blanks must be "ablative", in which case they would not need the preposition there. I would take out "ab" and just make the words in the blanks ablative. In late "vulgar" Latin, they would have used "ab" and the following words would be in a different case. Either way, if you decide to put words in the blank, I would be more than happy to insert them in the proper case for you. ;D
20. I changed this a little because it's slightly easier to say in Latin; "Nothing will ever be the same again. Ever."
There you have it! Roman-speak and nerd-speak alike. I hope it doesn't completely confuse you. You're more than welcome to ask questions and all. I do like questions quite a lot. x3