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If you are in Canada or the U.S., you can watch the official subs on the Funimation website each week, completely legally. It's too early for the dubs.
I'm gonna guess on the process, but I think that for the dubs, the following will have to happen:
-casting
-recording voices in ADR
-editing ADR
-re-mixing using the sound effects and music stems with the new voice edits.
-mastering (final prints of sound and picture, possibly different versions to include the broadcast version and the DVD version, etc)
Stems are the industry term for the mixed version of the sound edits, usually referring to three different groupings (dialogue, music, and effects, aka D, M, & E). Specifically, stems are related to foreign language dubbings. A sound designer in Japan will have created several versions of the final sound mix of each episode - one of these versions will leave out the dialogue.
Before the final mix is complete, the mixer will be staring at many different tracks with various sound effects and dialogue and music all separate. The mixer and the director will decide whether to keep in all the sound effects or not (maybe there are too many birds chirping or a dog bark in the distance isn't liked by the director, they'll get taken out), and they also decide how loud each sound will play. After the final mix is done, each area of sound is bounced together into stems. So, all the sound effects are burned as one track (instead of however many tracks there used to be), and same for dialogue and for music.
The foreign mixers (in our case, the English dub), can't change the levels of the sound effects individually (like if the English actor spoke some words a little quieter than the Japanese actor did, and the traffic that was in the background and quiet enough to let the Japanese voice come out over top of it was overbearing on the English actor's voice, the mixer would not be able to lower the traffic without also lowering all the other sound effects happening at that moment). So, I'm guessing that when re-mixing, the mixers just try to make sure that the voice is louder than the sound effects and music, but still make it natural.
And they also have to EQ it so that it sounds good and add reverb to it so that the voice doesn't sound like it was recorded in a sound proof room but rather that it suits the environment that it appears to be in (like if it's in an alley or a classroom or a bathroom, etc). Hmm, but I guess they'll also try to match the reverb to the reverb that is on the sound effects, like the footsteps will also have had reverb put on them to place them in the environment, so the dialogue should echo in the same way that the footsteps do off the walls that are around the character.
I don't think this process would take all that long. Professionals can work really quickly, especially in this industry. Recording voices would probably take a few days per episode. Editing, from what I've read, should take 6-10 lines of dialogue an hour. Mixing is expensive, costing hundreds of dollars an hour, so it would probably only take a few hours per episode (especially since they only really have to focus on dialogue in comparison with the already mixed music and effects). Mastering is also expensive, but I think it lasts the length of each episode (24 minutes or whatever) multiplied by the number of different versions that need to be made (broadcast, DVD, Internet, etc. This is where stems would be made for foreigns if this was the original language). So, I'm guessing the reason that it takes so long for the dub to come out is because it isn't a high priority - other projects take precedence and make more money (probably particularly since this industry is suffering from the same internet affliction that the music industry has been trying to come to terms with in recent years).
Eh, that's just the way I think that the process works. I'd love to work for a dubbing studio and get some hands on experience finding out the truth for myself! But anyways, I hope that something of this post is enlightening - sound designers do exist!
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